1
00:01:42,208 --> 00:01:44,119
My name is Damon.
2
00:01:45,833 --> 00:01:48,370
And this is my daughter, velvet.
3
00:01:51,375 --> 00:01:53,366
Are you trying to plant dad?
4
00:01:53,375 --> 00:01:54,865
She's just turned four.
5
00:01:58,083 --> 00:02:00,495
Her days are spent
in a happy bubble,
6
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created by my excellent wife,
Zoe.
7
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Yeah?
8
00:02:08,500 --> 00:02:11,663
She's lucky enough that
her major concerns right now
9
00:02:11,667 --> 00:02:16,489
are numbers... Daddy.
Mummy. Velly.
10
00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:18,411
So how many pieces is that?
11
00:02:21,125 --> 00:02:23,161
How to tell
a knock knock joke...
12
00:02:23,167 --> 00:02:24,782
- Knock, knock.
- Who's there?
13
00:02:24,792 --> 00:02:26,657
- Unicorn.
- Unicorn who?
14
00:02:26,667 --> 00:02:28,999
Unicorn jump over the rainbow.
15
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Oh, that's who it is!
16
00:02:32,917 --> 00:02:35,659
And the elusive art of
sleep direction.
17
00:02:39,917 --> 00:02:42,659
But soon she'll have to
leave that happy bubble
18
00:02:42,667 --> 00:02:45,659
and face a rapidly
deteriorating environment.
19
00:02:47,792 --> 00:02:49,498
faster than
the scientists predicted.
20
00:02:49,500 --> 00:02:50,990
We're seeing large waterfalls
21
00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:52,536
pouring off the side of the ice.
22
00:02:52,542 --> 00:02:54,624
It's an alarming acceleration.
23
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The need to address this
is so urgent...
24
00:02:58,417 --> 00:03:00,032
That it often overwhelms me.
25
00:03:05,917 --> 00:03:09,614
The simplest way I can explain
our current predicament
26
00:03:09,625 --> 00:03:12,788
is to briefly channel
my year nine science teacher
27
00:03:12,792 --> 00:03:15,659
and pretend our house
is the planet.
28
00:03:19,667 --> 00:03:22,739
Carbon is a miraculous
building block
29
00:03:22,750 --> 00:03:24,286
and for millions of years,
30
00:03:24,292 --> 00:03:27,284
our planet has been part of
a natural carbon cycle.
31
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Some gets released,
some gets stored,
32
00:03:30,292 --> 00:03:31,907
and if these things
are balanced,
33
00:03:31,917 --> 00:03:33,782
then equilibrium is maintained.
34
00:03:35,292 --> 00:03:37,157
But since the
industrial revolution,
35
00:03:37,167 --> 00:03:39,533
we've broken the balance
36
00:03:39,542 --> 00:03:41,282
and have been
dramatically increasing
37
00:03:41,292 --> 00:03:43,658
the release of
the earth's stored carbon
38
00:03:43,667 --> 00:03:45,282
into our atmosphere.
39
00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:54,865
For hundreds of thousands of
years,
40
00:03:54,875 --> 00:03:59,039
we've hovered between about
180 and 280 parts per million
41
00:03:59,042 --> 00:04:01,784
of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere.
42
00:04:01,792 --> 00:04:03,657
But since the
industrial revolution,
43
00:04:03,667 --> 00:04:06,659
that number has shot up over 40%
44
00:04:06,667 --> 00:04:09,158
to more than
400 parts per million,
45
00:04:09,167 --> 00:04:11,624
trapping heat in our atmosphere.
46
00:04:13,625 --> 00:04:17,117
More than 90% of
the excess heat being trapped
47
00:04:17,125 --> 00:04:19,116
is absorbed by our oceans.
48
00:04:20,375 --> 00:04:23,867
The oceans also absorb much
of the extra carbon dioxide,
49
00:04:23,875 --> 00:04:30,075
and so are now 30% more acidic
than they were 150 years ago.
50
00:04:30,083 --> 00:04:32,699
And this is impacting
on biodiversity,
51
00:04:32,708 --> 00:04:37,372
as many sea creatures,
such as oysters or clams,
52
00:04:37,375 --> 00:04:40,242
are struggling to make
their shells.
53
00:04:40,250 --> 00:04:43,617
But the increased heat and
overall energy in the system
54
00:04:43,625 --> 00:04:46,617
also leads to more intense
weather events.
55
00:04:49,083 --> 00:04:51,244
Hotter air can hold
more moisture,
56
00:04:51,250 --> 00:04:54,367
so rainfalls, storms,
hurricanes, floods,
57
00:04:54,375 --> 00:04:57,082
even snowfalls
can become heavier.
58
00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:04,822
It is true that the climate
has always been changing.
59
00:05:04,833 --> 00:05:06,869
It just hasn't changed
this rapidly
60
00:05:06,875 --> 00:05:08,831
in at least 50 million years.
61
00:05:13,458 --> 00:05:16,120
Unfortunately,
the increase in heat
62
00:05:16,125 --> 00:05:18,867
also means that our polar caps
and glaciers
63
00:05:18,875 --> 00:05:20,490
are rapidly melting,
64
00:05:20,500 --> 00:05:22,331
which causes sea level rise
65
00:05:22,333 --> 00:05:24,119
that threatens
hundreds of millions of people
66
00:05:33,625 --> 00:05:36,116
The earth
is our collective home,
67
00:05:36,125 --> 00:05:39,617
but we're actually renting it
from future generations.
68
00:05:39,625 --> 00:05:42,458
So we need to not only rapidly
reduce our emissions...
69
00:05:43,958 --> 00:05:45,619
Oi! Righto!
70
00:05:47,833 --> 00:05:49,824
But also find ways to sequester
71
00:05:49,833 --> 00:05:53,121
or draw down
the excess carbon dioxide
72
00:05:53,125 --> 00:05:55,116
that has already been
put into the system.
73
00:05:56,500 --> 00:06:00,322
Many scientists believe that
getting down to 350 ppm
74
00:06:00,333 --> 00:06:02,244
would be a terrific goal.
75
00:06:13,250 --> 00:06:15,741
So I think we're all
pretty aware
76
00:06:15,750 --> 00:06:17,957
that when it comes to
predictions of the future,
77
00:06:17,958 --> 00:06:20,995
they're almost entirely
negative at the moment.
78
00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:23,832
Any time you open your newsfeed
or social media,
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00:06:23,833 --> 00:06:25,619
there's some kind of
doom and gloom story
80
00:06:25,625 --> 00:06:28,241
about the future of
our environment.
81
00:06:29,625 --> 00:06:32,241
And as a father, I...
82
00:06:32,250 --> 00:06:35,242
I think there's room
for a different story.
83
00:06:35,250 --> 00:06:37,582
A story that focuses
on the solutions
84
00:06:37,583 --> 00:06:39,699
to some of these problems.
85
00:06:39,708 --> 00:06:44,577
So my plan is to go out and
find some of these solutions
86
00:06:44,583 --> 00:06:47,575
and then create a vision
of a different future
87
00:06:47,583 --> 00:06:49,448
for our daughter.
88
00:06:49,458 --> 00:06:50,698
What about...
89
00:06:50,708 --> 00:06:52,744
I want to show her
what the world would look like
90
00:06:52,750 --> 00:06:56,572
if the solutions I find
were implemented today.
91
00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:59,746
So, what would the world
look like in 2040
92
00:06:59,750 --> 00:07:03,117
if we just embraced
the best that already exists?
93
00:07:04,500 --> 00:07:06,741
And that's my only rule.
94
00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:09,492
Everything I show her in
this 2040,
95
00:07:09,500 --> 00:07:12,822
has to exist today,
in some form.
96
00:07:12,833 --> 00:07:14,323
I can't make it up.
97
00:07:15,750 --> 00:07:18,116
- See you, dadda.
- See you, darling.
98
00:07:22,250 --> 00:07:23,456
Have fun.
99
00:07:24,500 --> 00:07:26,832
I'm calling it
an exercise in
100
00:07:26,833 --> 00:07:29,199
fact-based dreaming.
101
00:07:54,583 --> 00:07:59,703
The first step in this exercise
was to consult the generation
102
00:07:59,708 --> 00:08:03,371
who'll be sharing the future
with our daughter.
103
00:08:04,875 --> 00:08:06,365
- Hi, everybody.
- Morning.
104
00:08:06,375 --> 00:08:08,240
Morning. My name is Damon.
105
00:08:08,250 --> 00:08:10,491
Now, do you guys know where
we've come from today?
106
00:08:10,500 --> 00:08:12,456
Do you know what country
that I'm from?
107
00:08:12,458 --> 00:08:13,368
No.
108
00:08:13,375 --> 00:08:15,616
We have animals called platypus.
109
00:08:17,500 --> 00:08:20,457
- Kangaroo.
- Australia!
110
00:08:20,458 --> 00:08:21,948
Australia? Yeah, yeah, yeah.
111
00:08:21,958 --> 00:08:23,869
We've been going
all around the world
112
00:08:23,875 --> 00:08:25,615
and talking to lots of
different children your age,
113
00:08:25,625 --> 00:08:27,331
and so we're going to
ask you what kind of things
114
00:08:27,333 --> 00:08:28,823
you want to see in the future.
115
00:08:32,042 --> 00:08:36,035
Well, what would make me
happy in the world is...
116
00:08:36,042 --> 00:08:37,532
Hmm.
117
00:08:38,792 --> 00:08:40,407
I think we should get
this invention
118
00:08:40,417 --> 00:08:45,787
which sucks up
all of the rubbish in the world
119
00:08:45,792 --> 00:08:49,364
and puts it in a intergalactic
dimension,
120
00:08:49,375 --> 00:08:51,912
which is a rubbish dimension.
121
00:08:51,917 --> 00:08:55,114
I'd like to see deforestation
being stopped
122
00:08:55,125 --> 00:08:57,992
because it's ruining the planet.
123
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:00,742
Animals are losing their homes.
124
00:09:10,417 --> 00:09:13,909
Cleaner water. That would
really make me happy.
125
00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:24,161
Well, I would like for
the government
126
00:09:24,167 --> 00:09:28,240
to have done something on
global warming and pollution,
127
00:09:28,250 --> 00:09:32,664
as now, I think they're not
really doing anything about it.
128
00:09:32,667 --> 00:09:34,783
You know,
just be respectful to earth.
129
00:09:40,292 --> 00:09:43,989
It was sobering to learn
how preoccupied the kids are
130
00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:46,286
with the state of the planet,
131
00:09:46,292 --> 00:09:48,283
and what a big job
I had ahead of me.
132
00:09:49,417 --> 00:09:53,239
So I began my search
for solutions with energy.
133
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:24,414
I found myself in Bangladesh,
where the roads are chaotic...
134
00:10:26,292 --> 00:10:29,034
And people are openly
peddling ice on the streets.
135
00:10:31,542 --> 00:10:34,124
Currently, Bangladesh
has one of the largest
136
00:10:34,125 --> 00:10:36,036
solar home system
markets in the world.
137
00:10:36,042 --> 00:10:37,782
Over 5 million
solar home systems.
138
00:10:37,792 --> 00:10:40,624
So most households in every
rural area in Bangladesh
139
00:10:40,625 --> 00:10:42,115
actually has
a solar home system,
140
00:10:42,125 --> 00:10:43,911
and that's their primary
source of energy.
141
00:10:43,917 --> 00:10:45,248
Wow.
142
00:10:46,750 --> 00:10:51,164
This charming 23-year-old
is neel tamhane,
143
00:10:51,167 --> 00:10:53,874
who has studied alternative
energy technologies
144
00:10:53,875 --> 00:10:56,662
and come home to help
power his country.
145
00:10:58,417 --> 00:11:02,285
Turns out I wasn't the only one
who wanted to hear him talk.
146
00:11:04,625 --> 00:11:07,788
So what we do is we
interconnect solar home systems
147
00:11:07,792 --> 00:11:10,408
and we enable energy
sharing between them,
148
00:11:10,417 --> 00:11:11,907
which is basically trading,
149
00:11:11,917 --> 00:11:14,249
and the customer chooses
when they want to trade
150
00:11:14,250 --> 00:11:15,740
and when they don't.
151
00:11:17,292 --> 00:11:19,658
Instead of building large grids,
152
00:11:19,667 --> 00:11:21,908
we're proposing
a decentralised structure
153
00:11:21,917 --> 00:11:24,750
where we start building grids
bottom up.
154
00:11:26,917 --> 00:11:30,034
The setup
is quite simple.
155
00:11:30,042 --> 00:11:32,784
Any home that has solar panels
and a battery...
156
00:11:34,667 --> 00:11:36,532
Can buy this special box...
157
00:11:38,042 --> 00:11:39,782
Which connects them
to another house
158
00:11:39,792 --> 00:11:41,282
with the same setup.
159
00:11:43,250 --> 00:11:46,788
The box allows the buying
or selling of energy
160
00:11:46,792 --> 00:11:48,282
between the homes.
161
00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:50,998
But it gets better.
162
00:11:52,250 --> 00:11:54,741
There is still a segment
of the population
163
00:11:54,750 --> 00:11:56,741
that still can't afford to
buy a solar home system.
164
00:11:56,750 --> 00:11:58,286
So, instead of doing that,
165
00:11:58,292 --> 00:12:00,874
if they can just buy
a small solbox,
166
00:12:00,875 --> 00:12:02,786
they can just buy energy
when they need it.
167
00:12:02,792 --> 00:12:05,374
You fill up your solbox
with money.
168
00:12:05,375 --> 00:12:08,287
As you keep using energy,
it deducts money.
169
00:12:13,250 --> 00:12:15,036
What this means
170
00:12:15,042 --> 00:12:17,408
is that all the boxes
can connect to each other
171
00:12:17,417 --> 00:12:18,907
to form a microgrid.
172
00:12:20,292 --> 00:12:22,658
It's like a water tank
of community energy
173
00:12:22,667 --> 00:12:25,625
that people can give to
or take from.
174
00:12:27,250 --> 00:12:29,366
The beauty is that
this microgrid
175
00:12:29,375 --> 00:12:31,991
can then connect to the
adjacent village's microgrid
176
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:34,992
and the network becomes
stronger and stronger.
177
00:12:36,542 --> 00:12:38,783
There's a mimicking of nature
here, isn't there?
178
00:12:38,792 --> 00:12:41,909
Like, in the way that
cells multiply
179
00:12:41,917 --> 00:12:44,374
and form something
and strengthen it.
180
00:12:44,375 --> 00:12:46,366
Yeah, that's a great analogy.
181
00:12:46,375 --> 00:12:48,661
You have one solar home system,
182
00:12:48,667 --> 00:12:50,749
you interconnect with your
neighbours, you make it 50.
183
00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:52,536
Slowly,
you interconnect villages.
184
00:12:52,542 --> 00:12:54,123
Once you have collected
hundreds,
185
00:12:54,125 --> 00:12:56,116
you can hook it up to the grid,
you can sell to the grid.
186
00:12:56,125 --> 00:12:57,615
Forget buying from it -
187
00:12:57,625 --> 00:12:59,411
you become the primary
energy generation source
188
00:12:59,417 --> 00:13:00,907
for the country.
189
00:13:01,917 --> 00:13:04,158
So the idea is
we are like a swarm of bees
190
00:13:04,167 --> 00:13:07,284
or a swarm of fish
that move together,
191
00:13:07,292 --> 00:13:10,250
pool in all our energies
together to run bigger loads.
192
00:13:12,625 --> 00:13:15,412
This technology
could revolutionise
193
00:13:15,417 --> 00:13:18,534
the way we distribute energy
worldwide.
194
00:13:20,875 --> 00:13:23,742
From little things,
big things grow.
195
00:13:25,417 --> 00:13:29,615
When we have a
decentralised mode of energy,
196
00:13:29,625 --> 00:13:31,411
the same thing that happened
with the web,
197
00:13:31,417 --> 00:13:32,907
happens with information
198
00:13:32,917 --> 00:13:34,908
where basically,
it's Democratic.
199
00:13:34,917 --> 00:13:36,657
Energy becomes Democratic.
200
00:13:36,667 --> 00:13:39,033
But also it becomes
very efficient.
201
00:13:39,042 --> 00:13:40,498
It's far more efficient
202
00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:43,913
because you produce it at
the point where you consume it.
203
00:13:48,125 --> 00:13:51,288
Having efficient
local energy
204
00:13:51,292 --> 00:13:53,908
also provides greater resilience
205
00:13:53,917 --> 00:13:56,374
in an increasingly
hostile climate.
206
00:13:58,500 --> 00:14:00,912
And when we talk about
climate change, it's floods,
207
00:14:00,917 --> 00:14:04,159
it's natural disasters
that happen very often here.
208
00:14:04,167 --> 00:14:07,910
In the last 1.5 years, we have
seen about 5, 6 disasters.
209
00:14:11,125 --> 00:14:14,367
When you have a centralised
grid, everything breaks down
210
00:14:14,375 --> 00:14:17,242
and then it takes a long time
to build it back up.
211
00:14:20,375 --> 00:14:22,866
If we have decentralised
generation sources,
212
00:14:22,875 --> 00:14:25,412
every household has their own
generation source.
213
00:14:25,417 --> 00:14:26,532
They're independent
214
00:14:26,542 --> 00:14:28,032
and they have their power
in their own hands,
215
00:14:28,042 --> 00:14:29,532
instead of depending
on the government
216
00:14:29,542 --> 00:14:31,157
to provide it to them.
217
00:14:50,792 --> 00:14:54,114
The impact of the
locally-generated electricity
218
00:14:54,125 --> 00:14:55,911
is best seen at night.
219
00:14:58,542 --> 00:15:03,366
The influx of cash has made the
village bazaar the place to be.
220
00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:42,786
You guys have just skipped
the landline telephone.
221
00:15:42,792 --> 00:15:44,282
You've gone straight to
the mobile.
222
00:15:44,292 --> 00:15:46,783
Exactly. And it's throughout.
It's not even about energy.
223
00:15:46,792 --> 00:15:49,374
We skipped the grid
and we build our own.
224
00:15:49,375 --> 00:15:51,912
There are developing
countries like India,
225
00:15:51,917 --> 00:15:54,124
Bangladesh, a lot
of countries in east Africa
226
00:15:54,125 --> 00:15:56,491
that are trying to do
a top-down electrification.
227
00:15:56,500 --> 00:15:58,616
They are spending
billions of dollars here.
228
00:15:58,625 --> 00:16:00,115
But instead of doing that,
229
00:16:00,125 --> 00:16:02,537
if they can actually help
subsidise these systems
230
00:16:02,542 --> 00:16:04,749
and let people
own their own system,
231
00:16:04,750 --> 00:16:07,787
they would be so proud
by owning these.
232
00:16:07,792 --> 00:16:10,408
So when I'm trading energy
with you, suppose,
233
00:16:10,417 --> 00:16:13,739
you're actually paying me for
it, and I'm getting the money,
234
00:16:13,750 --> 00:16:15,866
so the money also stays
within the economy.
235
00:16:18,042 --> 00:16:19,748
This is bringing back people
together.
236
00:16:19,750 --> 00:16:22,036
Yes!
237
00:16:24,792 --> 00:16:29,365
As I left the village,
I had a renewed sense of hope.
238
00:16:29,375 --> 00:16:31,912
Particularly when neel told me
239
00:16:31,917 --> 00:16:34,249
this technology is springing up
in other countries.
240
00:16:38,167 --> 00:16:41,124
This solution is
great for our environment,
241
00:16:41,125 --> 00:16:44,538
with so many cascading benefits
242
00:16:44,542 --> 00:16:47,409
for any community
that chooses to adopt it.
243
00:16:53,792 --> 00:16:58,286
So, sticking to my rule of only
showing what exists today,
244
00:16:58,292 --> 00:17:01,409
here's what the future
of energy could look like
245
00:17:01,417 --> 00:17:02,907
for my daughter.
246
00:17:11,625 --> 00:17:13,832
This, velvet, could be you.
247
00:17:14,875 --> 00:17:16,240
Or this.
248
00:17:17,333 --> 00:17:18,994
Or even this.
249
00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:20,956
We love you.
250
00:17:20,958 --> 00:17:23,620
And this could be where
you live.
251
00:17:24,875 --> 00:17:26,115
Or here.
252
00:17:28,500 --> 00:17:30,491
Or even here.
253
00:17:30,500 --> 00:17:32,365
But probably not here.
254
00:17:32,375 --> 00:17:36,823
Darling! It's seven o'clock!
It's time for family yoga!
255
00:17:41,750 --> 00:17:43,456
Crystal, bring up energy.
256
00:17:44,625 --> 00:17:46,865
Certainly.
What would you like me to do?
257
00:17:48,250 --> 00:17:51,117
Imagine if your house
in 2040
258
00:17:51,125 --> 00:17:52,865
is part of a microgrid
259
00:17:52,875 --> 00:17:56,072
that helps power the economy
throughout your city.
260
00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,491
Imagine if your windows
are solar glass
261
00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:06,616
and come standard in new homes.
262
00:18:08,250 --> 00:18:12,448
And your solar battery
is cheap and recyclable.
263
00:18:14,458 --> 00:18:17,996
This could allow you to
donate your excess energy.
264
00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:19,956
I'm going away for four days.
265
00:18:19,958 --> 00:18:22,074
Would you like to
share or sell?
266
00:18:22,083 --> 00:18:25,325
Share. Hurricane relief.
267
00:18:25,333 --> 00:18:27,369
Done. You're a legend.
268
00:18:27,375 --> 00:18:29,115
Thanks.
269
00:18:29,125 --> 00:18:30,740
- Humans are awesome.
- Ok.
270
00:18:30,750 --> 00:18:33,492
That choice
was good for your soul.
271
00:18:33,500 --> 00:18:34,831
Alright.
272
00:18:35,875 --> 00:18:37,615
Every home
is going to have a battery
273
00:18:37,625 --> 00:18:40,207
that's going to store
as much electricity
274
00:18:40,208 --> 00:18:41,698
as it possibly can store.
275
00:18:41,708 --> 00:18:43,869
And all the governments
in the world
276
00:18:43,875 --> 00:18:45,740
cannot push back against that
277
00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:48,241
because folks are going to go
buy it at the store,
278
00:18:48,250 --> 00:18:51,367
at Ikea, at Walmart,
at the supermarket.
279
00:18:51,375 --> 00:18:52,865
And it's going to be very cheap.
280
00:18:52,875 --> 00:18:54,866
So cheap that you're not even
going to notice.
281
00:18:59,500 --> 00:19:01,832
If cheaper
home energy systems
282
00:19:01,833 --> 00:19:04,825
are combined with more people
demanding clean energy
283
00:19:04,833 --> 00:19:06,323
from their politicians,
darling...
284
00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:09,365
Then there's a chance
many countries
285
00:19:09,375 --> 00:19:13,368
could be close to
100% renewable by 2040.
286
00:19:17,750 --> 00:19:19,240
What I can guarantee
287
00:19:19,250 --> 00:19:21,741
is that not only will I be
an embarrassing dad...
288
00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:23,240
Find news.
289
00:19:24,333 --> 00:19:27,120
But that natural disasters
will increase their intensity
290
00:19:27,125 --> 00:19:28,831
over the next two decades.
291
00:19:30,458 --> 00:19:32,870
Absolute chaos.
292
00:19:32,875 --> 00:19:35,582
Run, run! Get out!
Run, run!
293
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,241
God. Oh, my god!
294
00:19:41,708 --> 00:19:43,244
Whoa!
295
00:19:49,875 --> 00:19:51,456
But what I now know
296
00:19:51,458 --> 00:19:54,370
is that we actually have
everything we need
297
00:19:54,375 --> 00:19:57,117
on both a large and small-scale
298
00:19:57,125 --> 00:20:00,117
to power us through
these disasters.
299
00:20:01,375 --> 00:20:03,115
And by building new grids,
300
00:20:03,125 --> 00:20:06,447
loads of people
will get loads of jobs.
301
00:20:07,625 --> 00:20:09,365
- Oh, that's good.
- Mmm.
302
00:20:11,083 --> 00:20:14,871
But what would be really great
during this transition, velvet,
303
00:20:14,875 --> 00:20:18,072
is if the people who work
in the fossil fuel industry
304
00:20:18,083 --> 00:20:22,452
are given support and funding
for retraining in new careers.
305
00:20:24,083 --> 00:20:27,575
Paid for by redirecting some of
the $10 million a minute
306
00:20:27,583 --> 00:20:31,747
governments currently spend
subsidising fossil fuels.
307
00:20:56,833 --> 00:20:59,620
What struck me
about the microgrids
308
00:20:59,625 --> 00:21:02,457
is that the profits from
the shared energy
309
00:21:02,458 --> 00:21:05,825
stay within the community
and empower individuals,
310
00:21:05,833 --> 00:21:08,996
rather than going to a big
energy company elsewhere.
311
00:21:10,833 --> 00:21:14,075
But it turns out microgrids
are currently illegal
312
00:21:14,083 --> 00:21:15,573
in some countries.
313
00:21:18,083 --> 00:21:20,745
If we recognised
that our well-being
314
00:21:20,750 --> 00:21:23,332
fundamentally depends
upon the stability
315
00:21:23,333 --> 00:21:25,244
and the thriving of this planet,
316
00:21:25,250 --> 00:21:26,740
we would put that at the heart
317
00:21:26,750 --> 00:21:28,240
of the economic system
we create.
318
00:21:30,125 --> 00:21:32,616
I met with
the economist Kate raworth
319
00:21:32,625 --> 00:21:34,331
in an appropriate location.
320
00:21:36,250 --> 00:21:38,741
Kate is proposing
a new economic framework
321
00:21:38,750 --> 00:21:41,082
designed for our current
predicament.
322
00:21:42,500 --> 00:21:45,617
Today's economy,
the returns of production
323
00:21:45,625 --> 00:21:49,206
are accruing to a 1%,
which leaves us with
324
00:21:49,208 --> 00:21:50,948
these extraordinary levels
of inequality.
325
00:21:50,958 --> 00:21:52,619
So we need to create an economy
326
00:21:52,625 --> 00:21:55,457
in which value created
is shared far more equitably
327
00:21:55,458 --> 00:21:57,244
with all those
who help create it.
328
00:21:57,250 --> 00:22:00,367
And daft though it sounds, I
think it looks like a doughnut.
329
00:22:00,375 --> 00:22:02,240
The kind with the hole
in the middle.
330
00:22:02,250 --> 00:22:05,083
So, in the hole in the middle
of that doughnut
331
00:22:06,625 --> 00:22:10,241
on life's essentials
- be it food,
332
00:22:10,250 --> 00:22:17,241
housing, education,
water, energy,
333
00:22:17,250 --> 00:22:20,083
and so we want to get everybody
in the world out of that hole.
334
00:22:22,250 --> 00:22:26,323
But we also can't go beyond
the doughnut's outer crust,
335
00:22:26,333 --> 00:22:28,324
because there we start to put
so much pressure
336
00:22:28,333 --> 00:22:29,823
on this extraordinary planet,
337
00:22:29,833 --> 00:22:31,573
causing climate breakdown...
338
00:22:33,250 --> 00:22:34,581
Biodiversity loss...
339
00:22:36,375 --> 00:22:37,615
Air-pollution...
340
00:22:39,083 --> 00:22:40,698
Too much land conversion.
341
00:22:41,625 --> 00:22:44,582
We kick out of kilter this
extraordinary living planet
342
00:22:44,583 --> 00:22:46,448
on which all of our well-being
depends.
343
00:22:49,750 --> 00:22:52,116
Last century's economists
didn't see this.
344
00:22:52,125 --> 00:22:54,867
No phase of humanity
has encountered this before.
345
00:22:54,875 --> 00:22:57,241
It's our generational challenge.
346
00:22:57,250 --> 00:22:58,865
We need new ideas to do this.
347
00:23:01,875 --> 00:23:05,572
The wonderful thing about
the microgrids
348
00:23:05,583 --> 00:23:08,871
is that they fit beautifully
within the doughnut framework.
349
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:13,242
The solar energy helps restore
the outer boundaries
350
00:23:13,250 --> 00:23:14,740
like climate change...
351
00:23:15,833 --> 00:23:17,243
And air-pollution...
352
00:23:18,750 --> 00:23:20,456
But on the inner boundaries,
353
00:23:20,458 --> 00:23:23,370
more people are pulled
into the doughnut
354
00:23:23,375 --> 00:23:26,242
by improving health,
with less kerosene use...
355
00:23:27,583 --> 00:23:30,450
Education, by providing light
to study...
356
00:23:31,958 --> 00:23:33,243
Income equality,
357
00:23:33,250 --> 00:23:35,457
by keeping profits within
the local economy...
358
00:23:36,750 --> 00:23:38,115
And networks,
359
00:23:38,125 --> 00:23:41,197
because the microgrid now
interconnects households.
360
00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:00,618
I am going to invent a plane
and...
361
00:24:00,625 --> 00:24:02,616
You type in the coordinates
where...
362
00:24:02,625 --> 00:24:06,743
What you want it... where you
want it to go and...
363
00:24:06,750 --> 00:24:09,617
In a split second, you're there.
364
00:24:09,625 --> 00:24:12,332
I think electric cars
would help the environment
365
00:24:12,333 --> 00:24:14,619
because that causes
less pollution.
366
00:24:14,625 --> 00:24:19,369
And maybe, um, get electric
cars if they can, um,
367
00:24:19,375 --> 00:24:21,866
'cause that reduces,
like, fossil fuels
368
00:24:21,875 --> 00:24:23,866
and then that also stops
global warming.
369
00:24:23,875 --> 00:24:25,615
And instead of using cars,
370
00:24:25,625 --> 00:24:27,866
I would like to use
rocket boots to go around
371
00:24:27,875 --> 00:24:30,082
and they would be
powered by plants.
372
00:24:30,083 --> 00:24:32,870
Oh, that would be so cool.
That would be awesome.
373
00:24:32,875 --> 00:24:34,331
And rocket boots, I think,
374
00:24:34,333 --> 00:24:37,746
would really cool to see people
flying around the city in.
375
00:24:37,750 --> 00:24:39,832
And also I want it to go
worldwide
376
00:24:39,833 --> 00:24:41,869
and I want to try
and invent them.
377
00:24:49,500 --> 00:24:51,456
So, it's interesting
378
00:24:51,458 --> 00:24:53,494
being in some of these
big American cities,
379
00:24:53,500 --> 00:24:55,115
the traffic is just diabolical.
380
00:24:55,125 --> 00:24:56,956
And I can see that it...
381
00:24:56,958 --> 00:24:59,825
You know, I consider myself
quite a happy person, you know.
382
00:24:59,833 --> 00:25:01,744
I've got not a lot to
complain about.
383
00:25:02,875 --> 00:25:04,365
But I'm really...
384
00:25:05,833 --> 00:25:09,451
Feeling a bit antsy
in this traffic and, um...
385
00:25:09,458 --> 00:25:10,868
It kind of does that to you.
386
00:25:10,875 --> 00:25:13,867
And I think probably
a lot of people
387
00:25:13,875 --> 00:25:15,991
might not put that as a factor
388
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:17,865
because they've got other
things going on in their life,
389
00:25:17,875 --> 00:25:19,365
but if you do have things
in your life
390
00:25:19,375 --> 00:25:20,865
that are bothering you,
391
00:25:20,875 --> 00:25:22,957
then you throw yourself
into this environment...
392
00:25:22,958 --> 00:25:24,619
Things can get a little tense.
393
00:25:24,625 --> 00:25:26,616
And I've been tempted to
jump on the horn
394
00:25:26,625 --> 00:25:28,365
and abuse couple of people.
395
00:25:36,375 --> 00:25:38,081
In the us right now,
396
00:25:38,083 --> 00:25:41,871
road vehicles contribute
to 20% of emissions.
397
00:25:44,750 --> 00:25:48,993
But our environment and sanity
will be severely tested
398
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:52,117
with predictions of an extra
one billion cars worldwide
399
00:25:52,125 --> 00:25:53,615
by 2040.
400
00:25:56,750 --> 00:25:58,706
j I can lock all my doors... j&
401
00:25:58,708 --> 00:26:02,747
a possible solution could be
replacing car ownership
402
00:26:02,750 --> 00:26:05,332
with on-demand
driverless vehicles.
403
00:26:08,875 --> 00:26:12,367
The same way that we
went from owning DVDs or cds
404
00:26:12,375 --> 00:26:13,956
or records or whatever,
405
00:26:13,958 --> 00:26:16,119
to having all of those
on demand -
406
00:26:16,125 --> 00:26:18,332
essentially Netflix and so on -
407
00:26:18,333 --> 00:26:21,996
the same thing is going to
happen with transportation.
408
00:26:24,250 --> 00:26:26,366
I wasn't sure I'd trust
a driverless car
409
00:26:26,375 --> 00:26:28,206
with my daughter,
410
00:26:28,208 --> 00:26:29,869
so I subjected this prototype
411
00:26:29,875 --> 00:26:32,366
to the surprise pedestrian test.
412
00:26:35,083 --> 00:26:36,948
Ah! Yes!
413
00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:40,957
Robots - 1, human - 0.
414
00:26:43,500 --> 00:26:46,116
The next test was
a little more challenging.
415
00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:48,615
Traffic.
416
00:26:49,875 --> 00:26:51,365
When I push this button,
417
00:26:51,375 --> 00:26:53,491
this car will be driving itself.
418
00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:55,365
And, um, wish me luck.
419
00:27:03,833 --> 00:27:05,118
Right.
420
00:27:07,875 --> 00:27:11,447
So, this is my first experience
in a driverless vehicle,
421
00:27:11,458 --> 00:27:12,823
and, uh...
422
00:27:14,458 --> 00:27:15,994
I'm a little bit nervous
423
00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:17,991
because that wheel
is turning by itself.
424
00:27:19,500 --> 00:27:21,456
Siri, please look after me.
425
00:27:22,833 --> 00:27:25,620
So, yeah, you can see
that's our car tracking there,
426
00:27:25,625 --> 00:27:28,492
and the little lidar,
the radar on top
427
00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:30,456
is reading out
all the information
428
00:27:30,458 --> 00:27:32,870
I think, about 50m ahead of us
429
00:27:32,875 --> 00:27:36,743
and scanning the area and
determining what's around us,
430
00:27:36,750 --> 00:27:39,241
what other obstacles,
what it should look out for -
431
00:27:39,250 --> 00:27:42,617
pedestrians, bike riders,
other cars.
432
00:27:42,625 --> 00:27:44,991
So it's constantly
ahead of us, predicting.
433
00:27:46,375 --> 00:27:48,491
Two things
are going to happen.
434
00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:51,367
We're all going to have
a massive fleet of cars
435
00:27:51,375 --> 00:27:54,367
that are going to pick you
up at home, take you to work,
436
00:27:54,375 --> 00:27:56,331
take you to the supermarket
and so on,
437
00:27:56,333 --> 00:27:57,869
and the other one -
438
00:27:57,875 --> 00:28:01,948
even if you already own a car
that you already paid off,
439
00:28:01,958 --> 00:28:05,621
it's going to be four times
more expensive
440
00:28:05,625 --> 00:28:07,866
just to own that car
441
00:28:07,875 --> 00:28:10,617
than it is to access
transportation as a service,
442
00:28:10,625 --> 00:28:12,490
so, autonomous
electric vehicles.
443
00:28:16,583 --> 00:28:19,746
I do like the freedom
of my own car,
444
00:28:19,750 --> 00:28:21,615
so the big question is
445
00:28:21,625 --> 00:28:23,866
are enough of us
willing to give that up
446
00:28:23,875 --> 00:28:26,332
and embrace shared
transportation?
447
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:29,490
One of the interesting
challenges
448
00:28:29,500 --> 00:28:32,367
about a future of vehicles
that involves ridesharing,
449
00:28:32,375 --> 00:28:34,582
is that we have all these ideas
tied up with owning vehicles
450
00:28:34,583 --> 00:28:36,073
that have very little to do with
451
00:28:36,083 --> 00:28:37,493
getting us from
point a to point b,
452
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:40,207
and all to do with what those
things said about us.
453
00:28:40,208 --> 00:28:42,995
So, you know, they became
symbols of independence
454
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:44,365
and freedom.
455
00:28:44,375 --> 00:28:47,822
They became symbols of class
and wealth and capital.
456
00:28:47,833 --> 00:28:50,870
Now, the reality is, of course,
we haven't had cars forever.
457
00:28:50,875 --> 00:28:52,866
And the notion of cars
as status symbols
458
00:28:52,875 --> 00:28:54,365
and signals of independence -
459
00:28:54,375 --> 00:28:56,331
that's 60, 70 years old,
at most,
460
00:28:56,333 --> 00:28:58,119
and less than that
in most places.
461
00:28:58,125 --> 00:29:02,118
And so the idea that we
can uncouple those things
462
00:29:02,125 --> 00:29:03,365
isn't impossible.
463
00:29:03,375 --> 00:29:05,331
And frankly, they only ever got
coupled in the first place
464
00:29:05,333 --> 00:29:06,869
because of advertising.
465
00:29:09,625 --> 00:29:13,368
If we did embrace
on-demand transport,
466
00:29:13,375 --> 00:29:17,118
much like we now require
fewer cds or DVDs...
467
00:29:19,125 --> 00:29:21,241
We'd also require
fewer vehicles...
468
00:29:24,083 --> 00:29:26,369
And almost no parking space.
469
00:29:30,125 --> 00:29:34,494
Two thirds of la
is parking and roads.
470
00:29:35,583 --> 00:29:39,622
You could fit three cities
the size of San Francisco
471
00:29:39,625 --> 00:29:42,367
in the empty parking space
472
00:29:42,375 --> 00:29:46,243
left by the autonomous vehicle
disruption.
473
00:29:47,333 --> 00:29:50,450
And so, as a society,
we need to make decisions.
474
00:29:50,458 --> 00:29:52,744
What do we do
with all that parking space
475
00:29:52,750 --> 00:29:54,615
that's going to be vacant?
476
00:29:59,875 --> 00:30:03,242
So, here's what 2040 could
look like for my daughter
477
00:30:03,250 --> 00:30:06,083
without an extra billion cars.
478
00:30:14,583 --> 00:30:16,869
As you head off to your first
school dance, velvet...
479
00:30:16,875 --> 00:30:18,957
Family hug. Family hug.
480
00:30:18,958 --> 00:30:20,698
It will be nice
not having to worry
481
00:30:20,708 --> 00:30:22,448
about your date's
driving skills.
482
00:30:24,125 --> 00:30:28,994
Look, dad! A ghost must be
driving! Spooky!
483
00:30:33,125 --> 00:30:35,116
I imagine your date
to be very kind.
484
00:30:36,500 --> 00:30:38,081
And very impotent.
485
00:30:41,583 --> 00:30:43,574
All the cars that
your mum and I ever owned
486
00:30:43,583 --> 00:30:45,244
were stranded assets,
487
00:30:45,250 --> 00:30:49,368
meaning that 96% of the time
they were parked or unused.
488
00:30:49,375 --> 00:30:50,956
But now, in 2040,
489
00:30:50,958 --> 00:30:54,246
with driver costs gone
and the rideshare explosion,
490
00:30:54,250 --> 00:30:56,957
fewer people actually own cars.
491
00:30:56,958 --> 00:31:00,121
They get around in
luxurious pods like this
492
00:31:00,125 --> 00:31:01,990
for next to nothing.
493
00:31:03,458 --> 00:31:06,825
It's just inner cities that are
likely to be driverless only.
494
00:31:07,875 --> 00:31:09,866
And we could really
fatten the doughnut
495
00:31:09,875 --> 00:31:11,957
if vehicles were
community-owned.
496
00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:18,865
But I secretly hope, darling,
497
00:31:18,875 --> 00:31:21,742
that rocket boots girl
has achieved her ambition
498
00:31:21,750 --> 00:31:24,457
of worldwide domination.
499
00:31:24,458 --> 00:31:26,369
So, this is
a huge disruption
500
00:31:26,375 --> 00:31:29,082
of a massive part of
the labour force.
501
00:31:29,083 --> 00:31:32,246
Inevitably, there'll be
debates around this technology.
502
00:31:33,500 --> 00:31:36,332
But if enough of us
embrace ridesharing,
503
00:31:36,333 --> 00:31:40,872
we could reclaim our cities
for humans instead of vehicles,
504
00:31:40,875 --> 00:31:43,491
and generate
millions of new jobs.
505
00:32:00,958 --> 00:32:02,949
This is big vision.
506
00:32:02,958 --> 00:32:05,370
We just need to have
that vision now.
507
00:32:05,375 --> 00:32:07,616
A lot of people want to be
working on something
508
00:32:07,625 --> 00:32:09,616
that they can see is actually
helping to regenerate
509
00:32:09,625 --> 00:32:12,367
and innovatively
recreate the world.
510
00:32:16,250 --> 00:32:19,492
The extra space in our
cities could allow the building
511
00:32:19,500 --> 00:32:22,242
of more low-cost
sustainable homes.
512
00:32:25,625 --> 00:32:30,449
And we could see the growth
of remanufacturing industries,
513
00:32:30,458 --> 00:32:33,450
which might convert
existing vehicles to electric.
514
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,117
But most exciting could be
the urban food farms
515
00:32:41,125 --> 00:32:43,241
that spring up
in empty parking lots.
516
00:32:46,125 --> 00:32:48,366
Or inside disused car parks.
517
00:32:50,708 --> 00:32:54,246
And imagine having fresh local
food growing on our rooftops.
518
00:32:57,500 --> 00:33:01,493
This would also contribute to
a much healthier environment.
519
00:33:03,375 --> 00:33:05,741
It's unbeatable to grow
food in your own backyard.
520
00:33:05,750 --> 00:33:07,240
It's unbeatable to grow food
521
00:33:07,250 --> 00:33:09,081
all through and around
your city.
522
00:33:09,083 --> 00:33:12,371
It's unbeatable to grow
food on your roof.
523
00:33:12,375 --> 00:33:17,449
Those are the absolute
gold standard of emissions.
524
00:33:21,125 --> 00:33:23,957
One day you will be
amazed by the distances
525
00:33:23,958 --> 00:33:25,869
some of our food travelled.
526
00:33:28,333 --> 00:33:30,198
Bring up data for 2016.
527
00:33:31,625 --> 00:33:36,073
In 2016, the us was importing
the same amount of beef
528
00:33:36,083 --> 00:33:37,698
as it was exporting.
529
00:33:43,375 --> 00:33:46,492
Fish caught in Norway was flown
to China for filleting.
530
00:33:48,583 --> 00:33:50,824
Then flown back to Norway
to be sold.
531
00:33:53,125 --> 00:33:54,740
What were you guys thinking?
532
00:33:55,750 --> 00:33:57,240
Well, sometimes we weren't.
533
00:33:58,333 --> 00:33:59,994
But how's this?
534
00:34:01,083 --> 00:34:03,620
If we electrify
our transport systems
535
00:34:03,625 --> 00:34:06,241
and frankly, make them
far more attractive...
536
00:34:07,500 --> 00:34:10,867
A lot more fossil fuels
will stay in the ground.
537
00:34:12,125 --> 00:34:13,615
If nobody's going to buy
538
00:34:13,625 --> 00:34:15,741
internal combustion engine
petrol cars,
539
00:34:15,750 --> 00:34:17,866
nobody's going to buy oil.
540
00:34:17,875 --> 00:34:22,744
What we see is that oil demand
is going to peak
541
00:34:22,750 --> 00:34:26,413
and it's going to
go down dramatically.
542
00:34:26,417 --> 00:34:28,157
And it's never coming back.
543
00:34:30,417 --> 00:34:33,864
This means areas like
the tar sands oil fields
544
00:34:33,875 --> 00:34:36,787
could be magnificently
transformed.
545
00:34:46,417 --> 00:34:49,659
If you do choose to
live in a city, velvet,
546
00:34:49,667 --> 00:34:51,282
I hope it's a bit like this.
547
00:34:54,875 --> 00:34:57,912
A city where
so many of the public parks,
548
00:34:57,917 --> 00:35:03,116
urban food projects
and cleaner transport networks,
549
00:35:03,125 --> 00:35:05,992
all contribute to
a healthier environment,
550
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:08,412
while fostering a greater sense
of community..
551
00:35:10,042 --> 00:35:12,408
And a hell of a lot less
road rage.
552
00:35:21,625 --> 00:35:23,115
But the bonus
553
00:35:23,125 --> 00:35:26,288
is that you can now actually
hear birds singing
554
00:35:26,292 --> 00:35:27,998
in the middle of the city.
555
00:35:40,667 --> 00:35:43,534
As wonderful as
this future could be,
556
00:35:43,542 --> 00:35:46,909
I was pretty gobsmacked
to learn that vested interests
557
00:35:46,917 --> 00:35:49,909
now spend almost
$1 billion a year
558
00:35:49,917 --> 00:35:52,750
preventing us from actually
lowering our emissions.
559
00:35:56,417 --> 00:35:58,624
So, the fossil fuel industry
560
00:35:58,625 --> 00:36:00,411
have being doing
a magnificent job
561
00:36:00,417 --> 00:36:02,874
at copying the tobacco playbook
562
00:36:02,875 --> 00:36:06,288
in creating doubt and confusion
amongst the public.
563
00:36:06,292 --> 00:36:08,658
And I've been following
some of their key players,
564
00:36:08,667 --> 00:36:10,749
their sneaky players, online,
565
00:36:10,750 --> 00:36:12,286
just to try and learn
and understand
566
00:36:12,292 --> 00:36:13,782
some of the tactics.
567
00:36:13,792 --> 00:36:15,282
So, one of the things they do
568
00:36:15,292 --> 00:36:16,782
is that they create websites
569
00:36:16,792 --> 00:36:18,999
that sound and look
very Sincere,
570
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:20,911
but are full of misinformation.
571
00:36:20,917 --> 00:36:24,489
You see here the innocent
hummingbird, the leaf.
572
00:36:24,500 --> 00:36:26,161
They'll also fund think tanks
573
00:36:26,167 --> 00:36:28,249
that come up with really clever
cultural memes
574
00:36:31,417 --> 00:36:33,533
and these are things like,
you know,
575
00:36:33,542 --> 00:36:35,248
"climate science isn't settled",
576
00:36:35,250 --> 00:36:37,411
which is ripped
straight from tobacco.
577
00:36:37,417 --> 00:36:38,907
Or "climate change
is a religion".
578
00:36:38,917 --> 00:36:40,657
That's another one.
It's very evocative.
579
00:36:40,667 --> 00:36:43,499
They'll also used fake bots
or algorithms
580
00:36:43,500 --> 00:36:46,037
that appear to be humans
on social media,
581
00:36:46,042 --> 00:36:47,998
and what this does
is creates a sense
582
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:50,912
that they have more support
than they actually do.
583
00:36:50,917 --> 00:36:54,364
And this one's pretty key
because companies like exxon
584
00:36:54,375 --> 00:36:56,912
will often fund lots of
different organisations
585
00:36:56,917 --> 00:36:58,407
to make it look like
586
00:36:58,417 --> 00:37:00,282
there's this wide consensus
of climate denial,
587
00:37:00,292 --> 00:37:01,782
whereas in actual fact,
588
00:37:01,792 --> 00:37:03,748
all those different
organisations
589
00:37:03,750 --> 00:37:06,287
were funded by the same source.
590
00:37:09,917 --> 00:37:13,159
These tactics have focused
the conversation
591
00:37:13,167 --> 00:37:15,783
primarily on our emissions,
592
00:37:15,792 --> 00:37:19,410
while obscuring a crucial
component of our dilemma.
593
00:37:21,625 --> 00:37:24,287
If we ceased
all emissions today,
594
00:37:24,292 --> 00:37:26,157
if we cut emissions to zero,
595
00:37:26,167 --> 00:37:27,782
human emissions to zero,
596
00:37:27,792 --> 00:37:29,373
we would still be toast.
597
00:37:29,375 --> 00:37:31,741
We're still already over
a tipping point
598
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:34,412
and on our way
to a point of no return.
599
00:37:34,417 --> 00:37:36,408
So we have to reduce
the emissions
600
00:37:36,417 --> 00:37:38,499
that we're producing today,
601
00:37:38,500 --> 00:37:41,162
and we also have to
sequester carbon
602
00:37:41,167 --> 00:37:43,999
and we have to remove excess
carbon from the atmosphere
603
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:45,490
and store it.
604
00:37:50,917 --> 00:37:52,999
With an increased sense
of urgency,
605
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:55,742
I met with Paul hawken,
606
00:37:55,750 --> 00:37:58,036
who thankfully
isn't afraid of heights.
607
00:37:59,667 --> 00:38:02,739
He's the founder of
project drawdown -
608
00:38:02,750 --> 00:38:06,789
the first comprehensive plan
to reverse global warming.
609
00:38:08,417 --> 00:38:12,365
If you look at the solutions
that we model in drawdown,
610
00:38:12,375 --> 00:38:14,866
they're virtually all
regenerative development.
611
00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:17,537
That is to say
the earth is better off,
612
00:38:17,542 --> 00:38:20,158
the people are better off,
the communities are better off,
613
00:38:20,167 --> 00:38:22,032
the creatures are better off,
the birds are better off.
614
00:38:22,042 --> 00:38:24,749
No matter what it is,
they're better off for it
615
00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:26,411
than had we not done it.
616
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:32,868
Paul suggested I first explore
food and agriculture
617
00:38:32,875 --> 00:38:35,537
for drawdown opportunities.
618
00:38:35,542 --> 00:38:38,784
When you change agriculture
practices related to food,
619
00:38:38,792 --> 00:38:40,282
you can do two things.
620
00:38:40,292 --> 00:38:43,739
One is you stop emitting
carbon, co2,
621
00:38:43,750 --> 00:38:46,913
but you're also
sequestering carbon.
622
00:38:46,917 --> 00:38:49,283
So it's one of those sectors...
Yeah!
623
00:38:49,292 --> 00:38:51,499
That actually does both -
it's a twofer.
624
00:38:51,500 --> 00:38:53,491
Which is... not only does it
stop putting it up,
625
00:38:53,500 --> 00:38:54,990
but it actually brings it down.
626
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:57,616
So you're flipping
a whole sector.
627
00:38:59,167 --> 00:39:02,534
Yeah, I think that people
should be eating
628
00:39:02,542 --> 00:39:05,659
more fruit and vegetable
and less sweet stuff
629
00:39:05,667 --> 00:39:09,910
and so that the sweet
stuff should be, um...
630
00:39:09,917 --> 00:39:12,408
Like, you should be rationed
on sweet stuff.
631
00:39:12,417 --> 00:39:13,907
When I grow up,
632
00:39:13,917 --> 00:39:17,785
I want it to be national
hot dog day every day.
633
00:39:17,792 --> 00:39:21,284
I want to see more trees
634
00:39:21,292 --> 00:39:26,616
and also want to see chocolate
raining from the clouds.
635
00:39:28,292 --> 00:39:30,408
Be more healthy.
636
00:39:30,417 --> 00:39:33,409
That's all I really have to
say about the food.
637
00:39:33,417 --> 00:39:36,784
Like, I wanted not so much
people eating meat
638
00:39:36,792 --> 00:39:38,407
because that's animals.
639
00:39:38,417 --> 00:39:39,907
But I do like bacon.
640
00:39:39,917 --> 00:39:41,373
Bacon's nice.
641
00:39:42,542 --> 00:39:44,032
But...
642
00:39:44,042 --> 00:39:47,739
It still, like, pigs
and I have a pig toy.
643
00:39:47,750 --> 00:39:50,913
And when I eat bacon,
I feel kind of sad.
644
00:40:02,750 --> 00:40:05,412
Soil's almost
an unknown universe
645
00:40:05,417 --> 00:40:09,285
in that there's
over 6 billion microorganisms
646
00:40:09,292 --> 00:40:11,123
of huge diversity
647
00:40:11,125 --> 00:40:14,413
in a small spoonful of soil,
of healthy soil.
648
00:40:14,417 --> 00:40:16,533
Which is really quite amazing.
649
00:40:16,542 --> 00:40:18,908
Don't know who counted them,
but someone did.
650
00:40:18,917 --> 00:40:21,408
It's a tough job. Yeah.
651
00:40:25,667 --> 00:40:30,991
I was in regional Victoria
in Australia to meet col seis,
652
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:33,412
a champion of
regenerative agriculture.
653
00:40:35,042 --> 00:40:37,909
In 1979, we had a major
bushfire at home.
654
00:40:37,917 --> 00:40:40,033
Like... a wildfire.
655
00:40:40,042 --> 00:40:42,658
And lost virtually
all of our sheep,
656
00:40:42,667 --> 00:40:44,783
which were 3,000 merino sheep.
657
00:40:44,792 --> 00:40:49,411
I went from going ok
to being broke overnight.
658
00:40:49,417 --> 00:40:50,907
So I had to work out
a way of doing it
659
00:40:50,917 --> 00:40:52,407
without spending any money.
660
00:40:52,417 --> 00:40:55,284
And I developed
a different way of farming,
661
00:40:55,292 --> 00:40:59,409
totally different,
through 1980s and 1990s,
662
00:40:59,417 --> 00:41:02,159
which turned out to
regenerate the land.
663
00:41:02,167 --> 00:41:04,499
Using a lot less
chemicals and inputs
664
00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:06,161
than is traditionally used.
665
00:41:06,167 --> 00:41:07,998
That's right.
And since I changed -
666
00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:09,410
I actually did the figures
on it -
667
00:41:09,417 --> 00:41:13,865
I've saved over $2 million,
since I changed.
668
00:41:13,875 --> 00:41:15,615
I don't go where
the $2 million went.
669
00:41:20,417 --> 00:41:23,374
Col helps farmers around
the world use plants
670
00:41:23,375 --> 00:41:25,661
to pull carbon from
the atmosphere
671
00:41:25,667 --> 00:41:27,157
and put it into their soil...
672
00:41:28,792 --> 00:41:31,124
Because our constant
ploughing of the soil
673
00:41:31,125 --> 00:41:33,366
has released billions of
tonnes of the stuff.
674
00:41:35,417 --> 00:41:38,784
Over the last
10,000 years of agriculture,
675
00:41:38,792 --> 00:41:40,373
the degradation of soils
676
00:41:40,375 --> 00:41:44,368
has been one of the leading
causes of climate change.
677
00:41:44,375 --> 00:41:46,411
It's actually, as of right now,
678
00:41:46,417 --> 00:41:48,373
a larger cause of climate change
679
00:41:48,375 --> 00:41:50,286
than burning fossil fuels.
680
00:41:54,792 --> 00:41:58,159
I asked col to strike
a farming calendar pose
681
00:41:58,167 --> 00:42:00,374
to explain how he brings
the carbon back home.
682
00:42:03,417 --> 00:42:06,784
Plants use carbon dioxide
and energy from the sun
683
00:42:06,792 --> 00:42:08,623
to create simple sugars.
684
00:42:10,417 --> 00:42:12,999
The plant uses
some of these sugars to grow.
685
00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:15,912
The rest is pumped into
the soil, through the roots.
686
00:42:17,042 --> 00:42:19,624
These sugars feed soil microbes,
687
00:42:19,625 --> 00:42:21,741
which interact with the plant
688
00:42:21,750 --> 00:42:24,742
and the carbon dioxide
taken from the atmosphere
689
00:42:24,750 --> 00:42:27,617
is sequestered into the soil
as carbon.
690
00:42:34,792 --> 00:42:36,282
- G'day!
- Fraser.
691
00:42:36,292 --> 00:42:37,782
- Hey, Damon.
- Nice to meet you, mate.
692
00:42:37,792 --> 00:42:39,282
- You too.
- How you going?
693
00:42:39,292 --> 00:42:41,499
- Very well. G'day. Col.
- G'day.
694
00:42:44,042 --> 00:42:46,374
We went to
take the kids fishing
695
00:42:46,375 --> 00:42:49,492
and we had to go and find worms
on the farm
696
00:42:49,500 --> 00:42:52,992
and Fraser was just going from
paddock to paddock
697
00:42:53,000 --> 00:42:54,536
trying to find worms.
698
00:42:54,542 --> 00:42:56,282
- There wasn't any.
- There was none.
699
00:42:56,292 --> 00:42:57,782
And it ended up...
700
00:42:57,792 --> 00:42:59,657
This fun experience
ended up being not so fun
701
00:42:59,667 --> 00:43:01,157
because there was
so much frustration
702
00:43:01,167 --> 00:43:03,874
about how come there weren't
any worms and...
703
00:43:03,875 --> 00:43:05,615
'Cause healthy soil has worms.
704
00:43:07,375 --> 00:43:09,616
We had everything
going for our farm
705
00:43:09,625 --> 00:43:12,037
and I didn't feel that
it was getting the yields
706
00:43:12,042 --> 00:43:13,748
and getting the results that,
you know,
707
00:43:13,750 --> 00:43:15,411
I thought were going
to be there.
708
00:43:15,417 --> 00:43:18,784
And I tried just throwing
more fertiliser at it
709
00:43:18,792 --> 00:43:20,373
and that didn't seem to work.
710
00:43:20,375 --> 00:43:22,036
And so I just had
all these questions
711
00:43:22,042 --> 00:43:25,910
around what we were doing
and why we were doing it.
712
00:43:28,625 --> 00:43:30,365
So, what's going on here,
fellas?
713
00:43:30,375 --> 00:43:33,867
So, this is what we call
a chemical summer fallow.
714
00:43:33,875 --> 00:43:34,910
Yep.
715
00:43:34,917 --> 00:43:36,407
Where we control
the weeds
716
00:43:36,417 --> 00:43:37,873
with a chemical over summer.
717
00:43:37,875 --> 00:43:39,365
So, how does that
affect the soil,
718
00:43:39,375 --> 00:43:41,286
like, in terms of the...
719
00:43:41,292 --> 00:43:43,032
This form of agriculture
720
00:43:43,042 --> 00:43:45,499
really kills
the whole soil ecosystem.
721
00:43:47,667 --> 00:43:49,908
So, what are we
looking at there, col?
722
00:43:49,917 --> 00:43:53,114
That hard compaction,
poor-structured soil
723
00:43:53,125 --> 00:43:55,912
is really not good
in agriculture.
724
00:43:55,917 --> 00:43:58,249
Like, if you think about a plant
725
00:43:58,250 --> 00:44:01,788
trying to get through that,
it's almost impossible. Um...
726
00:44:01,792 --> 00:44:04,624
The other thing too,
water can't get in there.
727
00:44:04,625 --> 00:44:06,911
To counteract
these problems,
728
00:44:06,917 --> 00:44:10,910
col's simple advice to Fraser
was to start planting.
729
00:44:13,417 --> 00:44:14,907
Ok, so what we've done here
730
00:44:14,917 --> 00:44:17,533
is planted a mix of
different species.
731
00:44:17,542 --> 00:44:19,032
About 80 in total.
732
00:44:20,125 --> 00:44:23,288
They all play a role
in the soil health,
733
00:44:23,292 --> 00:44:25,032
with their different roots
734
00:44:25,042 --> 00:44:27,499
and their different
root exudates.
735
00:44:27,500 --> 00:44:32,415
So we've got the sunflower here
and the sorghum.
736
00:44:32,417 --> 00:44:35,033
- Um, millet.
- Yeah, right.
737
00:44:35,042 --> 00:44:36,407
Down here.
738
00:44:36,417 --> 00:44:38,749
And all these together
means with that variety,
739
00:44:38,750 --> 00:44:40,240
it's making the soil...
740
00:44:40,250 --> 00:44:41,740
It's pulling the carbon
into the soil
741
00:44:41,750 --> 00:44:42,990
and making it healthier.
742
00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:44,661
That's right. Yeah. Exactly.
743
00:44:44,667 --> 00:44:46,532
- Go, nature!
- Yeah.
744
00:44:57,750 --> 00:45:01,288
If we go back even
a few thousand years,
745
00:45:01,292 --> 00:45:02,998
all of the grasslands
in the world
746
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:06,538
were dominated by large mobs of
grazing animals.
747
00:45:09,042 --> 00:45:14,241
And also, they were kept moving
all the time by predators.
748
00:45:14,250 --> 00:45:16,036
So the animals -
in this case, cattle -
749
00:45:16,042 --> 00:45:18,499
are never kept on
the same area at one time.
750
00:45:20,667 --> 00:45:23,283
By letting the cattle
run amok in the crops,
751
00:45:23,292 --> 00:45:25,248
good things happen.
752
00:45:26,292 --> 00:45:29,159
They flatten the field,
753
00:45:29,167 --> 00:45:32,239
they create a utopia
for the local insects
754
00:45:32,250 --> 00:45:34,411
which becomes
a natural fertiliser,
755
00:45:34,417 --> 00:45:39,286
and crucially, they are fed
as nature intended.
756
00:45:42,417 --> 00:45:44,032
Over the last
50 or 60 years,
757
00:45:44,042 --> 00:45:47,409
we've removed animals
like cattle and sheep
758
00:45:47,417 --> 00:45:49,408
from eating their natural food
759
00:45:49,417 --> 00:45:52,124
and put them in feedlots,
eating grain.
760
00:45:52,125 --> 00:45:53,535
And we should
never have done that
761
00:45:53,542 --> 00:45:55,624
because they have never
evolved to eat grain.
762
00:45:57,042 --> 00:45:59,909
So what happens is that
the cattle are basically sick.
763
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:04,367
And we are finding out now
that the meat from feedlots
764
00:46:04,375 --> 00:46:05,911
is not healthy for us.
765
00:46:05,917 --> 00:46:08,283
It's certainly not healthy
for the animals.
766
00:46:08,292 --> 00:46:11,284
And it's something that
we should never have done.
767
00:46:14,667 --> 00:46:16,749
Any discussion
around livestock
768
00:46:16,750 --> 00:46:19,162
has to include methane,
769
00:46:19,167 --> 00:46:22,409
which is another damaging
greenhouse gas,
770
00:46:22,417 --> 00:46:25,614
quite rudely burped out
by the cows.
771
00:46:31,917 --> 00:46:35,284
While some livestock practices
offset that damage,
772
00:46:35,292 --> 00:46:38,124
the bad news for the hot dog kid
773
00:46:38,125 --> 00:46:41,162
is that we need to embrace
a more plant-rich diet.
774
00:46:42,625 --> 00:46:44,035
And the meat we do eat
775
00:46:44,042 --> 00:46:46,909
should ideally come from
regenerative practices
776
00:46:46,917 --> 00:46:48,407
like Fraser's.
777
00:46:49,792 --> 00:46:52,249
Plant-rich diet means that
we actually reduce
778
00:46:52,250 --> 00:46:56,744
the amount of protein that
we eat in wealthier nations,
779
00:46:56,750 --> 00:46:58,286
because it's too high.
780
00:46:58,292 --> 00:47:00,658
It's 100-110g per day.
781
00:47:00,667 --> 00:47:04,740
What we model is
decreasing that to 50-60 g.
782
00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:08,241
The fact is, some people
want to eat meat.
783
00:47:08,250 --> 00:47:11,037
What meat they eat
is critically important.
784
00:47:11,042 --> 00:47:13,749
How it's produced,
how it relates to the land
785
00:47:13,750 --> 00:47:15,911
are very, very important.
786
00:47:23,417 --> 00:47:27,160
But as our climate becomes
increasingly volatile,
787
00:47:27,167 --> 00:47:30,614
this type of farming has
one more crucial advantage.
788
00:47:32,375 --> 00:47:36,994
For every 1% increase in carbon
to 30cm,
789
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:40,413
we increase the water holding
capacity of soil
790
00:47:40,417 --> 00:47:43,614
by 166,000 litres per hectare.
791
00:47:43,625 --> 00:47:45,035
On every rainfall event.
792
00:47:48,417 --> 00:47:50,908
When it rains,
the soil on the left,
793
00:47:50,917 --> 00:47:53,784
with more carbon
and organic matter,
794
00:47:53,792 --> 00:47:57,034
absorbs the water
and less runs off the top.
795
00:47:58,792 --> 00:48:01,283
Whereas the chemical-ridden
soil on the right
796
00:48:01,292 --> 00:48:06,286
absorbs almost no water,
and allows it to run off,
797
00:48:06,292 --> 00:48:08,283
taking the chemicals with it
798
00:48:08,292 --> 00:48:10,658
into nearby rivers
and waterways.
799
00:48:13,500 --> 00:48:15,286
That's the way we can
buffer against droughts
800
00:48:15,292 --> 00:48:16,782
and dry seasons.
801
00:48:16,792 --> 00:48:18,282
Grasslands,
all around the world,
802
00:48:18,292 --> 00:48:20,999
they virtually had a built-in
irrigation system.
803
00:48:22,417 --> 00:48:25,033
Really can see
the aggregation that's going on
804
00:48:25,042 --> 00:48:26,532
from all these roots
805
00:48:26,542 --> 00:48:28,783
of all the different plants
we've been growing in here.
806
00:48:28,792 --> 00:48:30,874
So what we've got going here
with this clod
807
00:48:30,875 --> 00:48:33,036
is basically a dry paddock
808
00:48:33,042 --> 00:48:36,785
with, um, not much growing
in it, apart from a few weeds.
809
00:48:36,792 --> 00:48:38,498
And here, three months ago,
810
00:48:38,500 --> 00:48:43,244
we planted the multi-species
grazing crop, yeah.
811
00:48:44,417 --> 00:48:46,499
So that's in three
months that's happened?
812
00:48:46,500 --> 00:48:48,661
That's in three-months.
It's incredible, isn't it?
813
00:48:48,667 --> 00:48:51,659
That kind of represents big ag,
814
00:48:51,667 --> 00:48:54,158
and this represents
mother nature.
815
00:48:54,167 --> 00:48:56,533
And it's pretty obvious
who I'd rather
816
00:48:56,542 --> 00:48:58,658
get my source of vegetables
from.
817
00:48:58,667 --> 00:49:01,909
Well, when we talk
about trying to work out
818
00:49:01,917 --> 00:49:04,784
some of the global problems
and trying to do it quickly,
819
00:49:04,792 --> 00:49:07,499
well, you can really see the
speed that it can happen here.
820
00:49:07,500 --> 00:49:08,910
I mean, look at all these roots.
821
00:49:08,917 --> 00:49:11,374
Like, that's all carbon pumped,
isn't it?
822
00:49:11,375 --> 00:49:15,163
It is. It really shows that
plants, plants and more plants.
823
00:49:15,167 --> 00:49:18,034
In other words,
plant diversity, um,
824
00:49:18,042 --> 00:49:19,907
plus grazing animals
825
00:49:19,917 --> 00:49:22,408
will create that
and fix our problems.
826
00:49:24,292 --> 00:49:28,160
People ask me, "well,
what can we say to farmers?"
827
00:49:28,167 --> 00:49:30,783
And the answer is,
"we can't do without you."
828
00:49:30,792 --> 00:49:33,624
We can't mitigate climate
change without agriculture,
829
00:49:33,625 --> 00:49:35,536
so we have to find ways,
830
00:49:39,042 --> 00:49:40,998
instead of part of the problem.
831
00:49:44,042 --> 00:49:45,998
Fraser will now
let his multi-species crop
832
00:49:46,000 --> 00:49:47,661
break down.
833
00:49:49,667 --> 00:49:52,158
He can then plant
his commercial crops here
834
00:49:52,167 --> 00:49:55,159
without having to break
the soil and release carbon.
835
00:49:56,917 --> 00:49:59,158
But perhaps most importantly,
836
00:49:59,167 --> 00:50:01,533
he can now
take the kids fishing.
837
00:50:12,917 --> 00:50:15,784
So, I just bake it for
20 to 30 minutes?
838
00:50:15,792 --> 00:50:17,748
Yes, that's it. You've got it.
839
00:50:17,750 --> 00:50:19,240
And then, once it's done,
840
00:50:19,250 --> 00:50:21,366
you just sprinkle the Greens
on the top and that's it.
841
00:50:21,375 --> 00:50:22,615
Beautiful.
842
00:50:22,625 --> 00:50:24,911
- Thanks, nan. Love you.
- Ok. Bye, darl.
843
00:50:24,917 --> 00:50:26,282
Bye!
844
00:50:26,292 --> 00:50:29,124
By 2040, my hope, velvet,
845
00:50:29,125 --> 00:50:31,411
is that more people
will have an understanding
846
00:50:31,417 --> 00:50:34,784
of how the foods they eat
impact our environment.
847
00:50:37,125 --> 00:50:39,116
If this transpires,
848
00:50:39,125 --> 00:50:41,787
your generation are likely
to eat a lot less meat
849
00:50:41,792 --> 00:50:43,282
than mine did.
850
00:50:46,250 --> 00:50:48,036
There's no doubt
we'll continue our obsession
851
00:50:48,042 --> 00:50:49,407
with fad diets.
852
00:50:49,417 --> 00:50:52,159
We find it's the flavour-free
diet that's the way to go
853
00:50:52,167 --> 00:50:53,623
because let's face it -
854
00:50:53,625 --> 00:50:55,115
it's the flavour
that gets us into trouble.
855
00:50:55,125 --> 00:50:56,911
Isn't that right?
856
00:50:56,917 --> 00:50:58,908
I'll just love
tending our garden.
857
00:50:59,917 --> 00:51:01,407
From an app.
858
00:51:02,917 --> 00:51:05,499
And your mum and I will
completely understand
859
00:51:05,500 --> 00:51:07,786
when you start avoiding
dinner at our house.
860
00:51:13,042 --> 00:51:15,283
With less global
consumption of meat,
861
00:51:15,292 --> 00:51:18,284
aided by some pretty convincing
substitutes...
862
00:51:21,250 --> 00:51:23,992
We could see many feedlots
close down.
863
00:51:26,542 --> 00:51:29,158
And animals returned to the land
864
00:51:29,167 --> 00:51:31,158
for use in regenerative farming.
865
00:51:36,042 --> 00:51:38,283
But just imagine
what we could do
866
00:51:40,917 --> 00:51:44,159
that is currently being used
to grow food for animals.
867
00:51:48,500 --> 00:51:50,286
This land could transition
868
00:51:50,292 --> 00:51:53,249
to a range of
regenerative practices
869
00:51:53,250 --> 00:51:57,664
that drawdown vast amounts
of carbon into the soil,
870
00:51:57,667 --> 00:52:00,158
while retaining precious water
871
00:52:00,167 --> 00:52:02,658
and producing
nutrient-dense food.
872
00:52:08,125 --> 00:52:13,119
Instead of soy or grains, we
could feed the animals grass,
873
00:52:13,125 --> 00:52:16,913
crop residue, or food waste.
874
00:52:17,917 --> 00:52:20,408
This would improve
the health of the animals,
875
00:52:20,417 --> 00:52:23,784
the people who choose to
eat them
876
00:52:23,792 --> 00:52:25,657
and our environment.
877
00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:34,742
The steep croplands
around the world, darling,
878
00:52:34,750 --> 00:52:36,615
could be used to grow foods
879
00:52:36,625 --> 00:52:39,367
that also draw down huge
amounts of carbon.
880
00:52:41,500 --> 00:52:44,913
A practice called agroforestry
does this
881
00:52:44,917 --> 00:52:47,784
by simultaneously growing foods
like pawpaw,
882
00:52:47,792 --> 00:52:52,286
bananas, coffee, avocados
or vegetables,
883
00:52:52,292 --> 00:52:55,784
but crucially,
on small parcels of land.
884
00:52:58,417 --> 00:53:01,784
With highly diversified
local food systems,
885
00:53:01,792 --> 00:53:06,991
you have a way of really
dramatically decreasing
886
00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:11,790
the scale of land, water,
energy needed,
887
00:53:11,792 --> 00:53:13,748
and massively increasing
888
00:53:13,750 --> 00:53:15,661
how much you can get
from that land.
889
00:53:22,667 --> 00:53:25,158
Industrial ag says,
"without us, you're not...
890
00:53:25,167 --> 00:53:26,907
"You're going to starve.
You're not going to eat.”
891
00:53:26,917 --> 00:53:29,784
Well, actually between 70% and
80% of the food in the world
892
00:53:29,792 --> 00:53:31,657
is created by small holders.
893
00:53:35,792 --> 00:53:40,365
Industrial ag provides
20% of the food in the world.
894
00:53:40,375 --> 00:53:44,539
Most of that is corn
and soy fed to animals.
895
00:53:44,542 --> 00:53:47,409
A lot of that is sugar,
which we don't need.
896
00:53:48,667 --> 00:53:52,034
So the idea that big ag
is going to save us,
897
00:53:52,042 --> 00:53:54,784
or without which we cannot exist
898
00:53:54,792 --> 00:53:56,532
is absolutely upside down
and backwards,
899
00:53:56,542 --> 00:53:58,282
because they produce sickness,
900
00:53:58,292 --> 00:54:00,658
they produce obesity,
they produce diabetes.
901
00:54:00,667 --> 00:54:02,282
That's what big ag is producing.
902
00:54:05,417 --> 00:54:06,998
I hope one day, velvet,
903
00:54:07,000 --> 00:54:10,413
you get to read the story of
how we reached this future.
904
00:54:13,625 --> 00:54:15,616
It's about how those
who polluted our air
905
00:54:15,625 --> 00:54:19,161
with excess carbon
had to pay a penalty.
906
00:54:20,750 --> 00:54:22,240
And the money raised
907
00:54:22,250 --> 00:54:25,037
paid farmers to clean our air
908
00:54:25,042 --> 00:54:26,657
by putting it back
into the soil.
909
00:54:30,375 --> 00:54:32,161
This helped restore
the climate...
910
00:54:33,917 --> 00:54:35,623
Biodiversity loss...
911
00:54:36,917 --> 00:54:38,407
And land conversion...
912
00:54:39,417 --> 00:54:41,874
While pulling more people
into the doughnut
913
00:54:41,875 --> 00:54:44,787
by saving precious water,
914
00:54:44,792 --> 00:54:47,909
improving the quality
of our food,
915
00:54:47,917 --> 00:54:51,114
and in turn
improving our health.
916
00:55:04,417 --> 00:55:05,998
It's interesting,
making this film,
917
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:07,911
the more that
I'm learning about...
918
00:55:09,417 --> 00:55:12,659
You realise how hard it is
to actually do the right thing.
919
00:55:12,667 --> 00:55:16,615
And in a sense, it's tempting
to kind of just shut down
920
00:55:16,625 --> 00:55:18,115
and switch off
921
00:55:18,125 --> 00:55:20,411
because, I mean, here I am
sitting on an aeroplane
922
00:55:20,417 --> 00:55:23,659
that is spewing out
half a tonne of carbon,
923
00:55:23,667 --> 00:55:25,282
making this film,
924
00:55:25,292 --> 00:55:27,157
or getting water in this cup
925
00:55:27,167 --> 00:55:28,907
that's probably going to go
straight into the ocean
926
00:55:28,917 --> 00:55:30,623
and hurt a baby turtle,
927
00:55:30,625 --> 00:55:32,616
and I don't want to know that.
928
00:55:32,625 --> 00:55:34,115
And most people don't want to
know about that,
929
00:55:34,125 --> 00:55:35,615
so they switch off.
930
00:55:35,625 --> 00:55:39,288
And you can't help but be
a hypocrite at the moment
931
00:55:39,292 --> 00:55:43,285
because our entire system is
built on and by fossil fuels.
932
00:55:44,375 --> 00:55:45,865
Fossil fuels have done us
really well
933
00:55:45,875 --> 00:55:47,240
to get to this point.
934
00:55:47,250 --> 00:55:48,740
There's some great
things in the world.
935
00:55:48,750 --> 00:55:50,240
But we can't keep doing
what we're doing.
936
00:55:50,250 --> 00:55:51,615
It's actually impossible
937
00:55:51,625 --> 00:55:53,741
to maintain the resources
we're using.
938
00:55:53,750 --> 00:55:55,741
So we're going to
have to transition,
939
00:55:55,750 --> 00:55:57,240
and it's going to be
a little bit awkward,
940
00:55:57,250 --> 00:55:59,241
if we're going to give
our kids a better future.
941
00:56:15,417 --> 00:56:17,282
j to the place on the map
942
00:56:17,292 --> 00:56:20,659
j from which no-one
has ever returned... j
943
00:56:21,917 --> 00:56:24,249
While storing carbon
in our soil
944
00:56:24,250 --> 00:56:27,663
will go a long way
to solving our problem,
945
00:56:27,667 --> 00:56:31,239
there is a limit to how much
carbon soil can hold.
946
00:56:32,375 --> 00:56:35,242
So we're going to need another
leg-up from mother nature.
947
00:56:37,500 --> 00:56:39,912
Make sure coral looks ok
948
00:56:39,917 --> 00:56:42,909
'cause it normally looks like
a rainbow in the sea
949
00:56:42,917 --> 00:56:45,374
with all the fishes,
950
00:56:45,375 --> 00:56:47,616
but sometimes if you litter,
951
00:56:47,625 --> 00:56:50,367
it looks a bit not good.
952
00:56:50,375 --> 00:56:55,415
It looks like... a big, big
mess.
953
00:56:56,625 --> 00:56:58,911
At the beach,
it would just not be the same
954
00:56:58,917 --> 00:57:00,908
if you can't swim in the water.
955
00:57:00,917 --> 00:57:03,909
And also all the really amazing
marine animals
956
00:57:03,917 --> 00:57:06,784
like vaquita, whales, sea fish -
957
00:57:06,792 --> 00:57:09,909
if they were all gone, then
it just wouldn't be the same,
958
00:57:09,917 --> 00:57:11,157
the world.
959
00:57:11,167 --> 00:57:14,739
I want the oceans to be cleaner.
960
00:57:18,167 --> 00:57:19,657
One of the coming
attractions
961
00:57:19,667 --> 00:57:21,908
that I think is gonna to have
the biggest impact
962
00:57:21,917 --> 00:57:25,660
is what is called
marine permaculture.
963
00:57:25,667 --> 00:57:28,124
It's just another way of
farming in the ocean,
964
00:57:28,125 --> 00:57:30,616
but this is a more wild farming
965
00:57:30,625 --> 00:57:32,786
because it actually
sets up the context
966
00:57:32,792 --> 00:57:35,750
for the oceans to
regenerate themselves.
967
00:57:45,292 --> 00:57:47,999
Dr Brian Von herzen,
a physicist,
968
00:57:48,000 --> 00:57:49,490
used to fly to Europe every year
969
00:57:49,500 --> 00:57:53,243
and he saw how quickly the
Greenland ice sheet was melting
970
00:57:53,250 --> 00:57:55,912
and decided to change
his whole life in 2006
971
00:57:55,917 --> 00:57:57,407
to restoring living systems,
972
00:57:57,417 --> 00:57:58,907
and focused on the ocean.
973
00:58:03,167 --> 00:58:05,533
Brian told me
to pack a lunch...
974
00:58:05,542 --> 00:58:07,498
And a sick bag,
975
00:58:07,500 --> 00:58:10,037
as we were spending the day
out at sea.
976
00:58:16,625 --> 00:58:18,536
With 93% of global warming
977
00:58:18,542 --> 00:58:20,533
going into the ocean today
each year,
978
00:58:20,542 --> 00:58:23,499
the problem is that
the waters are getting too warm
979
00:58:23,500 --> 00:58:25,912
and without enough
overturning circulation,
980
00:58:25,917 --> 00:58:27,498
and there aren't enough
nutrients,
981
00:58:27,500 --> 00:58:30,412
and the result is
we lose the life in the ocean.
982
00:58:32,125 --> 00:58:34,912
Understandably,
there has been reluctance
983
00:58:34,917 --> 00:58:36,657
to meddle with our oceans.
984
00:58:37,917 --> 00:58:39,657
But the fact that they
are getting warmer,
985
00:58:39,667 --> 00:58:41,749
becoming acidic,
986
00:58:41,750 --> 00:58:45,288
and many fish species are now
in danger of collapse...
987
00:58:47,125 --> 00:58:49,286
Means that they
actually need our help.
988
00:58:52,417 --> 00:58:55,033
Brian's solution is seaweed.
989
00:58:56,917 --> 00:58:59,408
So what we do
with marine permaculture
990
00:58:59,417 --> 00:59:02,614
is we restore
overturning circulation.
991
00:59:02,625 --> 00:59:05,742
It's as if your leg was asleep
and you lost circulation.
992
00:59:05,750 --> 00:59:07,411
We have to do that
with the ocean.
993
00:59:07,417 --> 00:59:09,908
We've gotta get that
overturning circulation
994
00:59:09,917 --> 00:59:10,906
going again
995
00:59:10,917 --> 00:59:13,874
to bring the cool waters up
with the higher nutrient levels
996
00:59:13,875 --> 00:59:17,163
that can actually restore
conditions for the seaweeds.
997
00:59:18,917 --> 00:59:20,908
Between Australia
and the United States,
998
00:59:20,917 --> 00:59:24,535
there's 100,000,000 km?
Of ocean desert
999
00:59:24,542 --> 00:59:27,409
that is amenable to
marine permaculture.
1000
00:59:28,500 --> 00:59:31,788
We can actually restore life
in subtropical oceans,
1001
00:59:31,792 --> 00:59:35,785
restore the fish habitat that's
needed to restore fisheries.
1002
00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:41,618
Marine permaculture
is a regenerative technology
1003
00:59:41,625 --> 00:59:43,115
that works like this.
1004
00:59:44,375 --> 00:59:46,991
A frame made of
recycled material
1005
00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:49,992
becomes a platform for
the seaweed to grow on.
1006
00:59:50,000 --> 00:59:52,241
It sits just below the surface
1007
00:59:52,250 --> 00:59:55,742
and sinks lower as the
seaweed grows and gets heavier.
1008
00:59:58,125 --> 01:00:01,663
A pump powered simply by
the rise and fall of the ocean,
1009
01:00:01,667 --> 01:00:04,784
brings the cold, nutrient-laden
waters from below
1010
01:00:04,792 --> 01:00:07,374
and disperses them
over the seaweed
1011
01:00:07,375 --> 01:00:09,536
in the upper warmer layer.
1012
01:00:09,542 --> 01:00:11,908
The seaweed can be
regularly harvested
1013
01:00:11,917 --> 01:00:13,999
and used for a range
of purposes.
1014
01:00:15,375 --> 01:00:19,288
Seaweed is good for food,
animal feed, fertiliser,
1015
01:00:19,292 --> 01:00:20,873
fibre and biofuel.
1016
01:00:20,875 --> 01:00:22,911
There's so much we can do
with seaweeds.
1017
01:00:30,542 --> 01:00:36,162
So, we're cruising along in
this very low-carbon vessel,
1018
01:00:36,167 --> 01:00:37,907
following Brian,
1019
01:00:37,917 --> 01:00:40,408
who's swum down
to get the seaweed
1020
01:00:40,417 --> 01:00:42,783
in one of his testing sites
here.
1021
01:00:47,667 --> 01:00:49,248
Except he's gone,
1022
01:00:49,250 --> 01:00:52,492
and he's been underwater for
about two minutes and, um...
1023
01:00:52,500 --> 01:00:53,785
Brian!
1024
01:00:55,792 --> 01:00:57,657
Brian?!
1025
01:00:57,667 --> 01:00:59,498
- I found it.
- You found it.
1026
01:00:59,500 --> 01:01:01,365
- Yeah.
- Alright, we'll come to you.
1027
01:01:03,042 --> 01:01:04,532
The permaculture tests
1028
01:01:04,542 --> 01:01:08,034
that Brian and his team have
conducted in the south pacific
1029
01:01:08,042 --> 01:01:10,624
have seen marine life return,
1030
01:01:10,625 --> 01:01:14,368
and the seaweed transform the
quality of the water itself.
1031
01:01:17,500 --> 01:01:19,786
Seaweeds actually
draw down
1032
01:01:19,792 --> 01:01:22,499
carbon dioxide
from the ocean waters.
1033
01:01:23,875 --> 01:01:26,491
And they restore the alkalinity
of the ocean.
1034
01:01:27,792 --> 01:01:31,535
That enables shellfish
and other creatures to thrive.
1035
01:01:35,542 --> 01:01:38,284
Damon, I thought we'd try
some seaweed salad today.
1036
01:01:38,292 --> 01:01:39,782
Oh.
1037
01:01:42,792 --> 01:01:44,623
Well, the little bursts of gas
are good.
1038
01:01:44,625 --> 01:01:46,115
Yeah. Like little poppers.
1039
01:01:49,167 --> 01:01:51,158
Ok. That's actually pretty good.
1040
01:01:51,167 --> 01:01:52,748
Seaweed salad.
1041
01:01:52,750 --> 01:01:55,287
So, what kind of... we're
getting omega 3s in here.
1042
01:01:55,292 --> 01:01:56,532
- What kind of...
- Oh, yeah.
1043
01:01:56,542 --> 01:01:57,873
What's our source?
1044
01:01:57,875 --> 01:02:00,662
Epa, dha, antioxidants,
phytonutrients,
1045
01:02:00,667 --> 01:02:02,282
omega nutrients.
1046
01:02:03,625 --> 01:02:08,369
But this humble weed has
one more heroic trait to offer.
1047
01:02:09,542 --> 01:02:13,034
It could play a profound role
in drawing down carbon.
1048
01:02:14,250 --> 01:02:16,161
Well, this is an example
of brown seaweed.
1049
01:02:16,167 --> 01:02:20,285
The fastest brown seaweeds
will grow half a metre per day.
1050
01:02:20,292 --> 01:02:22,533
Hang on. Half a metre a day?
1051
01:02:22,542 --> 01:02:24,032
Half a metre a day.
1052
01:02:24,042 --> 01:02:25,907
And they'll grow over 50m long.
1053
01:02:25,917 --> 01:02:28,408
Is that one of the fastest
growing plants in the world?
1054
01:02:28,417 --> 01:02:31,284
It is the fastest-growing
tree on the planet.
1055
01:02:31,292 --> 01:02:33,533
Wow. Ok. So that's why
the understanding of...
1056
01:02:33,542 --> 01:02:35,624
That it's going to be pulling
carbon out of the atmosphere
1057
01:02:35,625 --> 01:02:37,616
very quickly,
because it grows so fast.
1058
01:02:37,625 --> 01:02:41,994
Thousands of tonnes of carbon
per square kilometre per year.
1059
01:02:43,417 --> 01:02:44,782
Wow. Ok.
1060
01:02:46,042 --> 01:02:47,873
Win! It's not a weed at all.
1061
01:02:47,875 --> 01:02:50,912
It's food,
it's habitat for fish,
1062
01:02:50,917 --> 01:02:52,999
it gives back to
the fish ecosystems,
1063
01:02:53,000 --> 01:02:54,490
and we balance carbon.
1064
01:02:54,500 --> 01:02:56,036
We measure the carbon export.
1065
01:02:58,792 --> 01:03:01,624
The testing of large-scale
marine permaculture
1066
01:03:01,625 --> 01:03:03,035
is yet to be done.
1067
01:03:04,500 --> 01:03:06,491
But the stakes
couldn't be any higher
1068
01:03:06,500 --> 01:03:07,990
for getting them underway.
1069
01:03:09,792 --> 01:03:15,287
This is all about restoring the
foundation of our civilisation,
1070
01:03:15,292 --> 01:03:17,624
because with climate disruption,
1071
01:03:17,625 --> 01:03:20,287
we'll deplete the soils,
we'll deplete the oceans.
1072
01:03:20,292 --> 01:03:22,408
There will be
no civilisation left
1073
01:03:22,417 --> 01:03:26,035
because any time
you lose that foundation
1074
01:03:26,042 --> 01:03:28,249
of food and the soils
and the seas,
1075
01:03:28,250 --> 01:03:29,990
you lose civilisation as well.
1076
01:03:55,625 --> 01:03:59,789
So, velvet, because
the warming will increase
1077
01:03:59,792 --> 01:04:02,408
over the next two decades,
1078
01:04:02,417 --> 01:04:05,159
and sea levels
will continue to rise...
1079
01:04:06,500 --> 01:04:12,621
Some countries will need to
adapt in new and creative ways.
1080
01:04:19,917 --> 01:04:22,659
But if predictions of severe
droughts are realised
1081
01:04:22,667 --> 01:04:25,784
that see shortages of food,
1082
01:04:25,792 --> 01:04:29,410
the potential for unprecedented
numbers of refugees
1083
01:04:29,417 --> 01:04:31,783
and civil unrest
around the world...
1084
01:04:33,375 --> 01:04:34,865
Is enormous.
1085
01:04:42,375 --> 01:04:46,288
Just imagine large-scale
marine permaculture,
1086
01:04:46,292 --> 01:04:48,908
helping to mitigate
the severity of such a crisis.
1087
01:04:52,042 --> 01:04:53,907
It could provide
an alternative food source
1088
01:04:53,917 --> 01:04:55,407
to the damaged land crops...
1089
01:04:57,250 --> 01:04:59,787
That is rich in protein
and other nutrients.
1090
01:05:03,042 --> 01:05:04,532
Instead of having
governments
1091
01:05:04,542 --> 01:05:06,407
that are reacting to disaster,
1092
01:05:06,417 --> 01:05:08,282
we need governments
and communities
1093
01:05:08,292 --> 01:05:11,489
and businesses that proactively
set a new vision
1094
01:05:11,500 --> 01:05:13,365
that prevents these disasters,
1095
01:05:13,375 --> 01:05:15,415
that actually takes us
off in a different direction.
1096
01:05:18,167 --> 01:05:21,534
Investment in marine
permaculture around the world
1097
01:05:21,542 --> 01:05:24,284
could generate countless jobs
1098
01:05:24,292 --> 01:05:26,908
and help us reduce
our meat consumption,
1099
01:05:26,917 --> 01:05:29,624
while sequestering staggering
amounts of carbon.
1100
01:05:33,542 --> 01:05:38,411
Imagine decommissioned oil rigs
converted to house the workers
1101
01:05:38,417 --> 01:05:41,409
and becoming exciting
tourist destinations
1102
01:05:41,417 --> 01:05:44,250
for those keen
to explore marine life.
1103
01:05:52,792 --> 01:05:55,158
The seaweed could be
particularly valuable
1104
01:05:55,167 --> 01:05:59,911
in climate vulnerable areas
like the bay of bengal,
1105
01:05:59,917 --> 01:06:03,614
where it could provide food,
fertiliser and biofuel.
1106
01:06:05,042 --> 01:06:08,660
Along the coast of Africa, it
could provide similar benefits,
1107
01:06:08,667 --> 01:06:11,374
contributing to a thriving
local economy.
1108
01:06:17,167 --> 01:06:19,909
With mechanisms,
simple ones,
1109
01:06:19,917 --> 01:06:23,284
you are in fact
regenerating the oceans.
1110
01:06:26,250 --> 01:06:27,911
You could feed 10 billion people
1111
01:06:27,917 --> 01:06:30,659
with the protein from
marine permaculture alone.
1112
01:06:50,917 --> 01:06:52,623
At this point of the trip,
1113
01:06:52,625 --> 01:06:56,538
I felt for the first time
like we genuinely have a chance
1114
01:06:56,542 --> 01:06:58,032
at a better future...
1115
01:06:59,125 --> 01:07:00,786
If we choose to take it.
1116
01:07:06,292 --> 01:07:10,410
But before heading home, there
was another subject to address.
1117
01:07:14,542 --> 01:07:17,158
Well, I wish they'd stop
killing off animals
1118
01:07:17,167 --> 01:07:19,658
and, well, forests and whatnot.
1119
01:07:21,250 --> 01:07:22,740
That'd be cool.
1120
01:07:23,750 --> 01:07:27,789
Probably for people to
acknowledge that, like,
1121
01:07:27,792 --> 01:07:29,498
the factories we build
1122
01:07:29,500 --> 01:07:32,913
and, like, they hurt nature
sometimes.
1123
01:07:32,917 --> 01:07:35,033
Like, the things
that we produce,
1124
01:07:35,042 --> 01:07:39,661
it can, like, hurt the wildlife
and it's not good.
1125
01:07:39,667 --> 01:07:41,783
But people just ignore it
right now.
1126
01:07:41,792 --> 01:07:45,660
I would like to see everyone
using the three rs -
1127
01:07:45,667 --> 01:07:48,158
reduce, reuse and recycle.
1128
01:07:48,167 --> 01:07:51,534
Many people know about it,
but don't practice it today.
1129
01:08:03,542 --> 01:08:05,999
Today's economy, right?
1130
01:08:06,000 --> 01:08:07,786
It gets bigger
faster and faster.
1131
01:08:07,792 --> 01:08:11,410
So the economy is doubling
in size nearly every 20 years.
1132
01:08:13,292 --> 01:08:16,614
We take earth's materials,
turn them into stuff we want,
1133
01:08:16,625 --> 01:08:18,832
we use it for a while
and then throw it away.
1134
01:08:18,833 --> 01:08:19,822
Yep.
1135
01:08:19,833 --> 01:08:21,369
And that take, make, use, lose -
1136
01:08:21,375 --> 01:08:23,741
it cuts against the
living cycles of the planet,
1137
01:08:23,750 --> 01:08:26,822
causing climate change,
causing pollution.
1138
01:08:29,875 --> 01:08:32,366
So we're kicking ourselves
out of planetary balance.
1139
01:08:36,208 --> 01:08:38,494
It is difficult to see
the impacts
1140
01:08:38,500 --> 01:08:41,617
of our individual resource use
on the broader environment.
1141
01:08:44,375 --> 01:08:48,072
But our survival could depend
on us making that connection.
1142
01:08:50,625 --> 01:08:54,493
For greater than
99.9% of our evolution,
1143
01:08:54,500 --> 01:08:57,492
human beings lived in this
very intimate association
1144
01:08:57,500 --> 01:08:59,331
with the natural world.
1145
01:08:59,333 --> 01:09:03,076
The decisions we made
on a daily basis as individuals
1146
01:09:03,083 --> 01:09:05,244
within the context of
communities,
1147
01:09:05,250 --> 01:09:07,582
they were informed by
this immediate feedback
1148
01:09:07,583 --> 01:09:09,869
we got from the world around us.
1149
01:09:09,875 --> 01:09:13,367
From the sun, from the water
that was falling on us.
1150
01:09:13,375 --> 01:09:15,741
And you fast forward
to this little blip of time
1151
01:09:15,750 --> 01:09:18,366
that we're in right now,
and, you know,
1152
01:09:18,375 --> 01:09:20,616
we're completely and totally
alienated from nature.
1153
01:09:20,625 --> 01:09:22,115
We've lost that connection.
1154
01:09:25,750 --> 01:09:28,617
I've come to the town of
oberlin in Ohio,
1155
01:09:30,250 --> 01:09:32,616
have come up with
a quite brilliant way
1156
01:09:32,625 --> 01:09:36,072
to raise awareness of
their community's resource use.
1157
01:09:39,083 --> 01:09:40,823
The environmental dashboard
1158
01:09:40,833 --> 01:09:42,744
was really kind of built around
the science
1159
01:09:42,750 --> 01:09:44,866
and putting people and humans
in connection with
1160
01:09:44,875 --> 01:09:46,991
how they're using
their natural resources.
1161
01:09:47,000 --> 01:09:48,740
And so what this does
1162
01:09:48,750 --> 01:09:52,993
is it gives a visual
representation of the usage.
1163
01:09:53,000 --> 01:09:55,491
And they put it into the schools
1164
01:09:55,500 --> 01:09:58,367
and so it's really gotten
a lot more into the community.
1165
01:09:58,375 --> 01:10:02,368
And the teachers are
utilising it in their lessons.
1166
01:10:02,375 --> 01:10:04,081
I want you to pay
close attention
1167
01:10:04,083 --> 01:10:06,495
to the squirrel on
the right side.
1168
01:10:06,500 --> 01:10:08,240
And watch what happens.
1169
01:10:08,250 --> 01:10:13,825
As it goes down, he gets sadder
and sadder and starts to cry.
1170
01:10:13,833 --> 01:10:16,245
Why do you think the
squirrel got happier or sadder?
1171
01:10:16,250 --> 01:10:17,740
I noticed that too.
1172
01:10:17,750 --> 01:10:19,240
Well, probably
because we're using
1173
01:10:19,250 --> 01:10:21,115
a lot of electricity
at that point.
1174
01:10:21,125 --> 01:10:23,081
More than we regularly used.
1175
01:10:23,083 --> 01:10:24,573
We did a controlled study
1176
01:10:24,583 --> 01:10:26,574
where we have
another school system
1177
01:10:26,583 --> 01:10:28,699
very similar to oberlin's
school systems
1178
01:10:28,708 --> 01:10:30,244
in a different area of Ohio.
1179
01:10:30,250 --> 01:10:32,366
They've got
the same curriculum as we do,
1180
01:10:32,375 --> 01:10:33,865
but they don't have dashboard.
1181
01:10:33,875 --> 01:10:36,742
We found as a result of
exposure,
1182
01:10:36,750 --> 01:10:39,617
if you ask them about
electricity use,
1183
01:10:39,625 --> 01:10:42,367
they start talking about
emotions.
1184
01:10:42,375 --> 01:10:44,991
And when you compare
students in our school
1185
01:10:45,000 --> 01:10:46,581
with this other school,
1186
01:10:46,583 --> 01:10:48,824
they also have more of
a community response
1187
01:10:48,833 --> 01:10:52,121
when they talk about what needs
to be done about energy use.
1188
01:10:52,125 --> 01:10:53,990
They use the word 'we'.
1189
01:10:54,000 --> 01:10:57,242
And in the other school system,
they use the word 't'.
1190
01:10:57,250 --> 01:10:59,366
So we've seen real change
1191
01:10:59,375 --> 01:11:03,323
as a result of this technology
in the school.
1192
01:11:06,750 --> 01:11:09,822
What is most exciting
about this idea
1193
01:11:09,833 --> 01:11:11,869
is that the dashboards
could reconnect us
1194
01:11:11,875 --> 01:11:13,456
to a range of resources...
1195
01:11:15,250 --> 01:11:17,115
And influence our behaviour.
1196
01:11:20,625 --> 01:11:22,581
It's a way to really
engage the community
1197
01:11:22,583 --> 01:11:24,119
in this discussion,
1198
01:11:24,125 --> 01:11:27,868
regardless of what race,
what education, economic level,
1199
01:11:27,875 --> 01:11:29,740
in this discussion
on sustainability
1200
01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:31,240
and the environment.
1201
01:11:36,958 --> 01:11:39,370
But awareness of
our resource use
1202
01:11:39,375 --> 01:11:41,741
is just one piece of
a complicated puzzle.
1203
01:11:43,333 --> 01:11:44,823
Another solution
1204
01:11:44,833 --> 01:11:47,370
that could have a huge impact
on our dilemma
1205
01:11:47,375 --> 01:11:49,991
caught me completely off-guard.
1206
01:11:53,333 --> 01:11:57,622
Probably our biggest
surprise was educating girls
1207
01:11:57,625 --> 01:12:00,241
and family planning.
1208
01:12:00,250 --> 01:12:01,865
You combine these two together,
1209
01:12:01,875 --> 01:12:04,366
the number one solution
to reversing global warming
1210
01:12:04,375 --> 01:12:06,206
is the empowerment
of girls and women.
1211
01:12:06,208 --> 01:12:07,698
Wow.
1212
01:12:15,250 --> 01:12:18,947
So, our daughter
starts school next year
1213
01:12:18,958 --> 01:12:21,370
and as an Australian,
1214
01:12:21,375 --> 01:12:24,117
I completely take for granted
1215
01:12:24,125 --> 01:12:27,572
that she will get to complete
her education.
1216
01:12:27,583 --> 01:12:29,574
And what I'm just learning here
1217
01:12:29,583 --> 01:12:33,075
is that there are 65 million
girls around the world
1218
01:12:33,083 --> 01:12:34,619
that don't get that opportunity.
1219
01:12:35,833 --> 01:12:37,323
And there's a host of reasons
for that.
1220
01:12:37,333 --> 01:12:39,870
Some are put to work to
support families
1221
01:12:39,875 --> 01:12:41,365
or they're married off.
1222
01:12:41,375 --> 01:12:42,865
But on average,
1223
01:12:42,875 --> 01:12:45,833
those girls will have
five or more children.
1224
01:12:48,583 --> 01:12:50,244
So we found
that across the board,
1225
01:12:50,250 --> 01:12:51,740
and this isn't just countries
1226
01:12:51,750 --> 01:12:53,240
where there might be
high rates of poverty.
1227
01:12:53,250 --> 01:12:54,615
Even wealthier countries,
1228
01:12:54,625 --> 01:12:57,617
we know that when girls
stay in school for longer
1229
01:12:57,625 --> 01:13:00,742
and they have access to good
reproductive health services,
1230
01:13:00,750 --> 01:13:03,332
as well as decent
work opportunities,
1231
01:13:03,333 --> 01:13:05,995
that women will tend to delay
having children
1232
01:13:06,000 --> 01:13:07,490
until they're ready,
1233
01:13:07,500 --> 01:13:09,957
and then they choose to have
fewer children from then on.
1234
01:13:09,958 --> 01:13:11,619
So, what this does
as a collective,
1235
01:13:11,625 --> 01:13:14,332
is it slows down
the population growth rate,
1236
01:13:14,333 --> 01:13:15,869
which means that
there's less pressure
1237
01:13:15,875 --> 01:13:19,072
and competition for access to
a whole range of resources,
1238
01:13:19,083 --> 01:13:21,244
whether it's food or water
or land.
1239
01:13:22,875 --> 01:13:24,957
Their children tend to
stay in school longer as well
1240
01:13:24,958 --> 01:13:28,746
and, over time, they break
that cycle of poverty.
1241
01:13:32,875 --> 01:13:34,957
So it's a form of
family planning,
1242
01:13:34,958 --> 01:13:36,494
but it's not coercive.
1243
01:13:36,500 --> 01:13:37,956
It's not control.
1244
01:13:37,958 --> 01:13:41,871
It's just empowering girls
to be who they want to be
1245
01:13:41,875 --> 01:13:44,947
and you have
these incredible benefits.
1246
01:13:51,250 --> 01:13:55,448
One child, one teacher,
1247
01:13:55,458 --> 01:14:00,865
one book and one pen
can change the world.
1248
01:14:23,333 --> 01:14:24,994
So this could be
a pleasant afternoon
1249
01:14:25,000 --> 01:14:27,616
in a standard city of 2040.
1250
01:14:34,583 --> 01:14:36,448
Freed-up space has encouraged
1251
01:14:36,458 --> 01:14:39,245
a range of new
outdoor activities.
1252
01:14:43,375 --> 01:14:47,323
Imagine, velvet, you and
your cool group of friends
1253
01:14:47,333 --> 01:14:48,948
have met for a picnic.
1254
01:14:50,625 --> 01:14:52,115
Although it is unlikely
1255
01:14:52,125 --> 01:14:54,366
that Princess Elsa will still
be part of your crew.
1256
01:14:58,750 --> 01:15:03,323
My hope is that we are all
using resources more wisely
1257
01:15:03,333 --> 01:15:06,120
and some of the clever
innovations that exist today...
1258
01:15:06,125 --> 01:15:07,615
Selfiel
1259
01:15:07,625 --> 01:15:09,490
except for this drone phone
that I did make up
1260
01:15:09,500 --> 01:15:12,615
- to obliterate selfie sticks...
- Home!
1261
01:15:12,625 --> 01:15:14,616
Have been widely adopted.
1262
01:15:17,250 --> 01:15:22,324
Some materials are grown
or made from organic matter.
1263
01:15:27,875 --> 01:15:32,244
While other materials have been
recycled or break down rapidly.
1264
01:15:35,333 --> 01:15:36,869
And wouldn't it be terrific
1265
01:15:36,875 --> 01:15:38,831
if we have not only implemented
the smart ways
1266
01:15:38,833 --> 01:15:41,370
to deal with the billions of
coffee cups
1267
01:15:41,375 --> 01:15:43,081
we send to landfill each year...
1268
01:15:45,125 --> 01:15:46,740
But each city of the world
1269
01:15:46,750 --> 01:15:48,991
has followed the lead of
Stockholm,
1270
01:15:49,000 --> 01:15:51,366
who collect their residents'
food waste...
1271
01:15:53,625 --> 01:15:56,617
Extract the methane to
power their local vehicles...
1272
01:15:58,250 --> 01:16:00,582
And give the leftovers
to farmers
1273
01:16:00,583 --> 01:16:03,370
to use as a natural
fertiliser for their soils.
1274
01:16:05,500 --> 01:16:08,492
Well played, Sweden.
Well played.
1275
01:16:12,125 --> 01:16:14,741
These behaviour changes
in our resource use
1276
01:16:14,750 --> 01:16:16,706
could be reflected on dashboards
1277
01:16:16,708 --> 01:16:18,869
throughout our cities,
1278
01:16:18,875 --> 01:16:20,615
where there used to be ads.
1279
01:16:22,833 --> 01:16:25,370
Even encouraging some
healthy competition.
1280
01:16:32,375 --> 01:16:36,995
But in this 2040,
my greatest hope
1281
01:16:37,000 --> 01:16:39,366
is that girls across the globe
1282
01:16:39,375 --> 01:16:42,742
now have access to the same
educational opportunities
1283
01:16:42,750 --> 01:16:44,866
as you and your friends.
1284
01:17:00,000 --> 01:17:02,366
The cascading benefits of this
1285
01:17:02,375 --> 01:17:06,618
could be greater than anything
else I have discovered.
1286
01:18:04,958 --> 01:18:08,997
So, velvet, this was my story
1287
01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:12,072
of a future I hope
you get to experience.
1288
01:18:13,333 --> 01:18:17,246
Your story and
the one that transpires
1289
01:18:17,250 --> 01:18:18,865
may be completely different.
1290
01:18:20,125 --> 01:18:22,081
But what I now understand
1291
01:18:22,083 --> 01:18:24,495
is that not only are there
so many people
1292
01:18:24,500 --> 01:18:27,367
who want to take part
in telling a new story...
1293
01:18:29,083 --> 01:18:32,826
But we have everything
we need right now
1294
01:18:32,833 --> 01:18:34,619
to make it happen.
1295
01:18:37,875 --> 01:18:41,743
When you go beyond
the dominant media discourse
1296
01:18:41,750 --> 01:18:43,991
and get closer to the ground,
1297
01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:47,743
you will see,
everywhere you look,
1298
01:18:47,750 --> 01:18:50,116
incredible reasons for hope.
1299
01:19:00,250 --> 01:19:02,115
Over the next few years,
1300
01:19:02,125 --> 01:19:04,616
you may notice less
red meat for dinner...
1301
01:19:06,833 --> 01:19:08,619
More trips to the compost bin...
1302
01:19:11,458 --> 01:19:13,119
Better search engines...
1303
01:19:16,333 --> 01:19:19,496
And potentially a new
dashboard in your classroom.
1304
01:19:22,375 --> 01:19:27,324
If enough of us make
these sorts of small changes,
1305
01:19:27,333 --> 01:19:30,120
when combined,
they will make a difference.
1306
01:19:31,875 --> 01:19:33,991
Big banks continue to take a hit
1307
01:19:34,000 --> 01:19:37,197
as the public shifts its money
away from organisations
1308
01:19:37,208 --> 01:19:39,119
that support fossil fuels.
1309
01:19:41,083 --> 01:19:44,120
But of equal importance
is strong leadership.
1310
01:19:46,750 --> 01:19:49,867
Wouldn't it be terrific
if new leaders emerge
1311
01:19:49,875 --> 01:19:52,082
who can navigate us
to a better 20407?
1312
01:19:55,875 --> 01:19:58,867
And just imagine if they used
the doughnut framework
1313
01:19:58,875 --> 01:20:00,581
to create the new story...
1314
01:20:01,875 --> 01:20:03,991
Coupled with more
and more people
1315
01:20:04,000 --> 01:20:06,241
finding a defining role
within it.
1316
01:20:08,500 --> 01:20:11,742
What we can do
is see where you get lit up
1317
01:20:11,750 --> 01:20:13,456
and maybe it's
girls' education -
1318
01:20:13,458 --> 01:20:14,994
"wow. I had no idea!"
1319
01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:18,332
Or it can be food or it can be
farming or it could be energy,
1320
01:20:18,333 --> 01:20:20,449
it could be housing, transport.
1321
01:20:20,458 --> 01:20:22,369
I mean, there's so many areas
1322
01:20:22,375 --> 01:20:25,993
where you actually probably
do have influence
1323
01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:27,991
where you are working,
1324
01:20:28,000 --> 01:20:30,241
where you can affect change
1325
01:20:30,250 --> 01:20:32,741
in a way that actually
is demonstrable
1326
01:20:32,750 --> 01:20:34,991
and meaningful
to you and others.
1327
01:20:40,000 --> 01:20:43,322
And it just unleashes
the power of innovation
1328
01:20:43,333 --> 01:20:47,372
and imagination and creativity
that's within all people.
1329
01:20:55,000 --> 01:20:57,116
My hope for you, darling,
1330
01:20:57,125 --> 01:21:01,240
is that sometime in
2040 there's a day
1331
01:21:01,250 --> 01:21:03,992
when the greenhouse gases
in our atmosphere
1332
01:21:04,000 --> 01:21:07,743
stop increasing and
begin to come down.
1333
01:21:09,458 --> 01:21:11,949
And the solutions
that achieve this
1334
01:21:11,958 --> 01:21:14,370
benefit a wide range of people.
1335
01:21:19,625 --> 01:21:23,322
To celebrate, there are parties
across the globe
1336
01:21:23,333 --> 01:21:25,494
for you and your generation.
1337
01:21:26,875 --> 01:21:28,456
The regeneration.
1338
01:22:10,083 --> 01:22:13,996
When I grow up, I want homeless
people to have their own homes
1339
01:22:14,000 --> 01:22:16,366
with their own money
to buy their own food
1340
01:22:16,375 --> 01:22:17,865
and have their own jobs.
1341
01:22:18,958 --> 01:22:22,450
Well, I'd like it
to be human instinct
1342
01:22:22,458 --> 01:22:25,996
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.
1343
01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:28,332
I would like to see everybody
have equal rights
1344
01:22:28,333 --> 01:22:30,244
and the same living
opportunities.
1345
01:22:31,250 --> 01:22:33,741
I just want the future
to be good.
1346
01:22:43,250 --> 01:22:44,956
Dadda!
1347
01:22:55,625 --> 01:22:57,115
So...
1348
01:22:58,875 --> 01:23:00,615
What's your 20407?
1349
01:25:11,833 --> 01:25:15,826
I want to see clean
air for more people to breathe
1350
01:25:15,833 --> 01:25:17,619
and clean air, so that the trees
1351
01:25:17,625 --> 01:25:21,823
don't have to take the smoke
into their leaves and die.
1352
01:25:24,375 --> 01:25:28,243
I also hope that we'll
be able to solve world hunger,
1353
01:25:28,250 --> 01:25:30,366
'cause a lot of people
are going hungry.
1354
01:25:31,375 --> 01:25:33,366
At the moment,
the ice caps are melting
1355
01:25:33,375 --> 01:25:35,491
because of all
the greenhouse gases.
1356
01:25:37,125 --> 01:25:39,867
[I the earth speaks
loud and clear
1357
01:25:39,875 --> 01:25:42,832
j the time to act is here
1358
01:25:42,833 --> 01:25:44,243
I have want to make sure
1359
01:25:44,250 --> 01:25:45,990
there's no pollution
in the ocean.
1360
01:25:49,125 --> 01:25:51,616
& tomorrow's become today
1361
01:25:51,625 --> 01:25:55,072
j it's too late to turn away
1362
01:25:56,125 --> 01:26:00,323
I want to see fresh air,
fresh water, no pollution.
1363
01:26:00,333 --> 01:26:03,450
Because that will kill animals
and I want no animals to die.
1364
01:26:05,125 --> 01:26:07,957
I'd like it
to be human instinct
1365
01:26:07,958 --> 01:26:12,122
to just look after the world
and to care for the world.
1366
01:26:12,125 --> 01:26:13,865
I would like
to see a world
1367
01:26:13,875 --> 01:26:17,117
where people live in peace,
Harmony and happiness
1368
01:26:17,125 --> 01:26:20,367
and not a world
where people live in fear.
1369
01:26:20,375 --> 01:26:21,990
I don't think
we should use guns
1370
01:26:22,000 --> 01:26:23,615
and force each other around.
1371
01:26:27,875 --> 01:26:30,457
j the creatures we have lost
1372
01:26:39,625 --> 01:26:43,243
j so please don't turn away
1373
01:26:43,250 --> 01:26:46,868
In the future, I'd like
to see more beautiful things
1374
01:26:46,875 --> 01:26:49,457
like flowers, more trees.
1375
01:26:49,458 --> 01:26:50,948
Cleaner water.
1376
01:26:50,958 --> 01:26:52,368
Be respectful to earth.
1377
01:26:52,375 --> 01:26:53,990
Less global warming.
1378
01:26:54,000 --> 01:26:57,948
We could stop littering
and make sure coral looks ok
1379
01:26:57,958 --> 01:27:00,950
'cause it normally looks
like a rainbow in the sea.
1380
01:27:03,750 --> 01:27:06,457
j so please don't turn away
1381
01:27:06,458 --> 01:27:08,244
And also,
I'd like my kids
1382
01:27:08,250 --> 01:27:12,072
to be able to swim
in fresh water.
1383
01:27:15,833 --> 01:27:19,371
j so please don't turn away
1384
01:27:19,375 --> 01:27:21,115
A lot more inventions.
1385
01:27:21,125 --> 01:27:22,740
Electric cars.
1386
01:27:22,750 --> 01:27:24,832
Take transportation.
1387
01:27:27,708 --> 01:27:31,576
j so please don't turn away
1388
01:27:52,625 --> 01:27:55,457
If people keep doing
what they're doing now,
1389
01:27:55,458 --> 01:27:58,245
the world won't be
a very good place.
1390
01:28:00,958 --> 01:28:06,866
j so please don't
turn away j the future
1391
01:28:06,875 --> 01:28:08,331
I would also like
1392
01:28:08,333 --> 01:28:10,870
if money was
more evenly distributed.
1393
01:28:10,875 --> 01:28:13,241
I would like to see
everybody have equal rights
1394
01:28:13,250 --> 01:28:15,332
and the same living
opportunities.
1395
01:28:15,333 --> 01:28:18,075
For the government
to have done something
1396
01:28:18,083 --> 01:28:20,745
on global warming and pollution.
1397
01:28:25,375 --> 01:28:28,572
I want people to treat
each other better.