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]ACLGCr{4{DMAjHȞn 1}CNzhɖ?KP WЊ0 ` 'y3vFc1_R 33q )x;bYⷧM~T4 `6ԦOPssHRa.ٕʻ̡s^.zn$rŸP"dkrsWZWܼk/E^a()'yW) ˎ᤹c^>_YJB+a$?aT~!dd-Ί$cGF7 ( "H\BH!9=IHvK*/Dc^?Vᐊrbr3TU.J :g`[|ssMQLh; H//A?$͇EdW^kTb]*fvA@U6oGFkln:1EKX|Y +?&tsɏ2%XrY eIo_i[>#ޱ8E<+Pon$\5nBUd9/e}W^; kFԍ/`DEI4H~|dw(pX$^")5i"\TZz_~$Ou\tPEUjcѹ׈uqMÏ'XTp0yg \PluFTBGdz!`}C =G!  %4ЄΦ/`4~lĬM\3(R~BW y?ppn0|xd#VK EIՎ&ڤL(Oà䄮ʛvBqԗk".<-=)t0~*nQ,,Ks|CC̙{m\86定 Y ̖5 $FIUrRQw.@2PܼqmzYjZ|Qu iCGC|ݽR ҁ7Ů-(Hᇮe^tDpo-heϸ)H9u;!7+rO̧ :NԱ)662C<46V`[[سg%\y?ӣn1ǿ'j R( Ou˂6Ԅ !:12l]s<`]d@daC⧿pͅv1LW4V]uIdT-2naus] In 1933, 567 00:41:38,440 --> 00:41:42,680 the life that Gottfried and Manasse had been leading changes drastically. 568 00:41:46,520 --> 00:41:50,480 Manasse very quickly loses all his theater bookings. 569 00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:54,840 Because he is Jewish, he's no longer allowed to work in the theater. 570 00:41:54,920 --> 00:41:57,680 He realizes right away that he is no longer safe in Germany. 571 00:42:01,480 --> 00:42:04,760 Everyone is aware of how quickly the situation is escalating. 572 00:42:08,400 --> 00:42:11,600 Now, a question looms over the relationship: 573 00:42:11,680 --> 00:42:14,040 how they can get Manasse out of Germany safely? 574 00:42:16,680 --> 00:42:18,720 But Gottfried still wants to play tennis. 575 00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:24,960 And if that means he has to play tennis for Nazi Germany, 576 00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:26,680 then so be it. 577 00:42:29,640 --> 00:42:31,520 The pressure is mounting. 578 00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:34,840 He is in a romantic relationship with a gay Jewish man, 579 00:42:34,920 --> 00:42:39,000 but at the same time his popularity is growing both at home, 580 00:42:39,080 --> 00:42:40,240 and abroad. 581 00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:44,920 And maybe he's thinking that as long as he can keep on winning, 582 00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:47,480 the Nazi regime can't touch him. 583 00:42:50,560 --> 00:42:54,320 So Gottfried plays for Germany because there really is no other option. 584 00:42:54,400 --> 00:43:01,400 [tense music] 585 00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:09,760 [Zavier] Despite the Nazis having already come into power in '33, 586 00:43:09,840 --> 00:43:13,880 Charlotte and Toni felt comfortable going outside, 587 00:43:13,960 --> 00:43:16,040 presenting themselves on the street, 588 00:43:16,120 --> 00:43:17,840 having photographs taken 589 00:43:17,920 --> 00:43:22,080 and even talking to a journalist really openly about themselves. 590 00:43:27,760 --> 00:43:29,720 [Morgan] Everything seems to be okay. 591 00:43:29,800 --> 00:43:32,040 You could still go to the Institute… 592 00:43:32,880 --> 00:43:37,000 Charlotte is deeply enmeshed within Hirschfeld and his circle. 593 00:43:37,680 --> 00:43:42,880 She provides advice to new trans people 594 00:43:42,960 --> 00:43:45,560 who don't even know how to pick out dresses. 595 00:43:45,640 --> 00:43:48,560 She helps people get access to housing. 596 00:43:49,600 --> 00:43:53,400 Charlotte and Toni are finally living lives 597 00:43:53,480 --> 00:43:56,640 and not just completing a medical process. 598 00:44:01,720 --> 00:44:05,280 [Klaus] Magnus Hirschfeld meanwhile is touring the world. 599 00:44:10,240 --> 00:44:13,360 Although he can't make public appearances in Germany anymore, 600 00:44:13,440 --> 00:44:15,600 he's still being celebrated abroad. 601 00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:18,920 [Morgan] He's already notorious 602 00:44:19,000 --> 00:44:22,720 for being the Jew who's effeminizing Germany 603 00:44:22,800 --> 00:44:25,880 and seducing the youth into homosexuality. 604 00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:29,640 So he's really Nazi enemy number one. 605 00:44:31,760 --> 00:44:34,760 Charlotte and Toni are starting to feel the heat. 606 00:44:34,840 --> 00:44:38,200 The two of them make a decision to leave the Institute. 607 00:44:40,160 --> 00:44:46,040 They move into a squalid one-room flat elsewhere in Berlin. 608 00:44:53,880 --> 00:44:56,320 These two women 609 00:44:56,400 --> 00:44:59,080 develop such strong feelings to each other 610 00:45:00,040 --> 00:45:02,560 that Toni converts to Judaism. 611 00:45:07,480 --> 00:45:09,080 I find it hard to believe 612 00:45:09,160 --> 00:45:12,520 that anyone would be converting to Judaism at this time 613 00:45:12,600 --> 00:45:16,400 if they didn't really love the person they were with. 614 00:45:21,280 --> 00:45:26,040 After they've left, this is when the Institute is attacked. 615 00:45:34,840 --> 00:45:37,600 [Robert] On the morning of May 6th, 1933, 616 00:45:37,680 --> 00:45:41,640 a group of Nazi students ransack the Institute. 617 00:45:41,720 --> 00:45:47,480 Nazi youths pull down all the shelves, they throw ink all over the research. 618 00:45:48,080 --> 00:45:50,760 [Zavier] They destroy the library, they destroy the rooms. 619 00:45:50,840 --> 00:45:53,680 This includes some 20,000 books. 620 00:45:54,560 --> 00:45:57,240 [Morgan] They take pictures of themselves 621 00:45:57,320 --> 00:46:01,800 gleefully destroying everything Magnus Hirschfeld has built. 622 00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:05,480 [Robert] This must be one of the most devastating experiences 623 00:46:05,560 --> 00:46:07,000 in Hirschfeld's life. 624 00:46:08,480 --> 00:46:11,800 Hirschfeld is not at the Institute when it's attacked. 625 00:46:11,880 --> 00:46:13,000 He is in Paris. 626 00:46:15,120 --> 00:46:18,640 There are still employees at the Institute when the attack happens, 627 00:46:18,720 --> 00:46:20,160 like Dorchen Richter. 628 00:46:20,760 --> 00:46:23,880 The Institute was her home and place of work and it was destroyed. 629 00:46:23,960 --> 00:46:27,080 And from what we know, she might have been destroyed along with it. 630 00:46:29,320 --> 00:46:32,880 [Nazi] I consign to the flames the writings of Heinrich Mann, 631 00:46:32,960 --> 00:46:36,080 Ernst Glaeser, Erich Kästner. 632 00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:40,440 I consign to the flames the writings of the School of Sigmund Freud… 633 00:46:41,080 --> 00:46:44,360 [Robert] Four days later, at the infamous book burning, 634 00:46:44,440 --> 00:46:48,760 books from the Institute are burned on the Opernplatz. 635 00:46:48,840 --> 00:46:55,040 [Nazis sing in German] 636 00:46:55,120 --> 00:46:56,800 [Robert] There's even a photograph 637 00:46:56,880 --> 00:47:01,480 of one of Hirschfeld's busts being carried to the flames. 638 00:47:07,960 --> 00:47:09,240 [Morgan] These photos… 639 00:47:10,320 --> 00:47:14,920 are deeply terrifying to look at to me. 640 00:47:15,720 --> 00:47:18,960 Because they are actively trying 641 00:47:19,040 --> 00:47:21,240 to destroy all evidence 642 00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:24,920 that queer and trans people exist. 643 00:47:25,000 --> 00:47:26,600 Once the Nazis are in power, 644 00:47:26,680 --> 00:47:31,640 this also dismantles a lot of the opportunities 645 00:47:31,720 --> 00:47:35,280 that were within Germany at the time for gender expression, 646 00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:36,960 for playing with gender. 647 00:47:37,640 --> 00:47:41,000 Women are meant to be in the domestic sphere at home. 648 00:47:41,080 --> 00:47:44,640 They're meant to bear children for the country. 649 00:47:44,720 --> 00:47:47,880 And men are meant to kind of embody masculine virility 650 00:47:47,960 --> 00:47:50,760 and be able to go to war. 651 00:47:52,400 --> 00:47:55,480 So this experimental, 652 00:47:55,560 --> 00:47:59,040 expressionist, tolerant period is now over. 653 00:47:59,120 --> 00:48:03,200 And it's been replaced with very, very rigid gender roles. 654 00:48:12,400 --> 00:48:15,360 [Ben] In September of 1933, Karl Ernst, 655 00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:17,800 who's one of Röhm's top deputies 656 00:48:17,880 --> 00:48:20,240 and who he met in gay nightclubs, 657 00:48:20,320 --> 00:48:22,320 very suddenly marries a woman. 658 00:48:25,320 --> 00:48:29,600 [military march plays] 659 00:48:29,680 --> 00:48:33,120 [Ben] The two best men at this wedding are Röhm and Hermann Göring, 660 00:48:33,200 --> 00:48:35,240 who's Hitler's Minister of the Interior. 661 00:48:35,320 --> 00:48:38,240 They walk down the aisle behind the bride and groom, 662 00:48:38,320 --> 00:48:41,120 flanked by rows and rows of SA officers. 663 00:48:46,280 --> 00:48:49,800 You can imagine why it might be very strategically useful for Röhm 664 00:48:49,880 --> 00:48:51,560 to put on a big public show 665 00:48:51,640 --> 00:48:55,800 and have a major SA officer like Karl Ernst marrying a woman, 666 00:48:55,880 --> 00:48:58,120 as if to say, "No, no. These are all just rumors, 667 00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:02,800 these paramilitaries have nothing to do with dirty or impure homosexuality." 668 00:49:06,600 --> 00:49:08,160 In January of 1934, 669 00:49:08,240 --> 00:49:12,600 Röhm receives a very warm personal letter from Hitler. 670 00:49:13,520 --> 00:49:16,000 "I feel compelled to thank you, my dear Ernst Röhm, 671 00:49:16,080 --> 00:49:18,080 for the imperishable services 672 00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:21,200 and to assure you how very grateful I am to fate 673 00:49:21,280 --> 00:49:25,560 that I am able to call such men as you my friends and fellow combatants." 674 00:49:25,640 --> 00:49:29,880 "In true friendship and grateful regard. Your Adolf Hitler." 675 00:49:29,960 --> 00:49:34,000 [tense music] 676 00:49:34,080 --> 00:49:38,400 After getting this letter, Röhm is confident enough to demand, openly, 677 00:49:38,480 --> 00:49:40,560 that he be made Minister of Defense. 678 00:49:42,120 --> 00:49:44,000 And he be made minister in such a way 679 00:49:44,080 --> 00:49:47,480 that would take the 100,000 strong German Army 680 00:49:47,560 --> 00:49:51,400 and fold it into the SA and put all of that under his command. 681 00:49:59,120 --> 00:50:03,000 [Kathrin] By the beginning of 1934, the SA has reached its highest count 682 00:50:03,080 --> 00:50:05,560 with approximately 4.5 million members. 683 00:50:07,640 --> 00:50:10,960 Now it has become a source of increasing problems for Hitler. 684 00:50:13,800 --> 00:50:16,320 [Ben] And the idea of Röhm running the German military 685 00:50:16,400 --> 00:50:19,320 horrifies conservatives in the German Army 686 00:50:19,400 --> 00:50:22,960 who had enabled and gone along with the Nazis' rise to power, 687 00:50:23,040 --> 00:50:26,480 but did not want to go along with losing their titles, 688 00:50:26,560 --> 00:50:28,560 with losing their roles in this hierarchy. 689 00:50:28,640 --> 00:50:30,120 And so this had to be stopped. 690 00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:36,920 [Kathrin] For Heinrich Himmler, this seems to be the perfect moment 691 00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:40,560 to lead his SS out of the shadow of Ernst Röhm and his SA 692 00:50:40,640 --> 00:50:43,040 in order to expand his own position of power. 693 00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:49,360 [Ben] Röhm's opponents in the Nazi movement, 694 00:50:49,440 --> 00:50:50,240 like Himmler, 695 00:50:50,320 --> 00:50:55,000 begin to propagate the idea that Röhm is planning to actually take over, 696 00:50:55,080 --> 00:50:59,840 depose Hitler and pursue his own further revolution. 697 00:51:01,920 --> 00:51:03,960 They end up succeeding in convincing Hitler 698 00:51:04,040 --> 00:51:06,640 that this threat is imminent and he really has to act. 699 00:51:07,240 --> 00:51:11,920 And Röhm's sexuality became a tool that they could try to use to stop him. 700 00:51:19,680 --> 00:51:21,400 So it's the summer of 1934. 701 00:51:21,480 --> 00:51:24,760 Hitler invites Röhm and the other top SA lieutenants 702 00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:29,760 to take a well-deserved break on the Tegernsee in Bavaria. 703 00:51:31,880 --> 00:51:35,680 And these guys are having a great time during these summer days. 704 00:51:35,760 --> 00:51:42,760 [whimsical music] 705 00:51:45,840 --> 00:51:48,880 [Ben] And so you can see, Röhm is not off in this lake 706 00:51:48,960 --> 00:51:50,760 planning a takeover. 707 00:51:50,840 --> 00:51:52,440 He thinks he's on vacation. 708 00:51:57,000 --> 00:52:00,360 It's early in the morning on June 30th, 1934. 709 00:52:01,040 --> 00:52:03,400 Ernst Röhm is asleep in his hotel room. 710 00:52:05,240 --> 00:52:07,720 But Hitler and Goebbels are on their way to Bavaria. 711 00:52:15,960 --> 00:52:19,520 So Hitler immediately goes to this hotel on Lake Tegernsee. 712 00:52:19,600 --> 00:52:21,080 And together with this SS troop 713 00:52:21,160 --> 00:52:24,680 personally bursts through the door of Röhm's bedroom. 714 00:52:26,480 --> 00:52:29,480 When he gets into the room, he accuses Röhm of treason. 715 00:52:29,560 --> 00:52:31,120 [Nazi in German] Get dressed! 716 00:52:31,840 --> 00:52:34,240 [Ben] At this point, Röhm is maybe confused, 717 00:52:34,320 --> 00:52:37,120 thinking this is all some kind of misunderstanding. 718 00:52:39,120 --> 00:52:42,680 A lot of the other top SA men and Röhm are arrested 719 00:52:42,760 --> 00:52:45,320 and brought to the Stadelheim prison in Munich. 720 00:52:46,240 --> 00:52:49,000 Six of these men are shot immediately on the spot. 721 00:52:58,000 --> 00:52:59,240 [Kathrin] Two days later , 722 00:52:59,320 --> 00:53:03,120 Hitler decides to make Röhm the offer to shoot himself. 723 00:53:07,240 --> 00:53:08,880 [Ben] Röhm's response was, 724 00:53:08,960 --> 00:53:11,960 "If I'm going to be killed, then let Adolf do it himself." 725 00:53:15,520 --> 00:53:18,120 [Kathrin] It's only after Röhm refuses to kill himself 726 00:53:18,200 --> 00:53:20,560 that is he shot by two SS captains. 727 00:53:37,840 --> 00:53:41,200 On June 30th and over the course of the following two days, 728 00:53:41,280 --> 00:53:45,320 approximately 90 people are shot and around 1,000 people are arrested. 729 00:53:46,280 --> 00:53:49,840 Among them are not only Ernst Röhm and some of his SA men, 730 00:53:49,920 --> 00:53:53,840 but also political opponents and members of parliament. 731 00:53:53,920 --> 00:53:57,320 It is the first state-sanctioned mass murder of the regime. 732 00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:08,200 The public had been told 733 00:54:08,280 --> 00:54:11,360 that all of these people were planning a coup against Hitler, 734 00:54:11,440 --> 00:54:14,920 but that wasn't necessarily a story that people were going to believe. 735 00:54:16,400 --> 00:54:17,720 Hitler welcomed the SA murders, 736 00:54:17,800 --> 00:54:22,520 saying that the sexual debauchery within the SA had recently gotten so out of hand 737 00:54:22,600 --> 00:54:26,720 that it was supposedly damaging the reputation of National Socialism. 738 00:54:26,800 --> 00:54:29,560 THE BROWN HOUSE OF HOMOSEXUALS 739 00:54:30,160 --> 00:54:32,640 [Ben] Hitler gives a speech which reads, and I quote, 740 00:54:32,720 --> 00:54:36,560 "I would especially like every mother to be able to offer her son to the SA, 741 00:54:36,640 --> 00:54:38,160 the Party or the Hitler Youth 742 00:54:38,240 --> 00:54:42,200 without the fear that he might become morally or sexually depraved." 743 00:54:44,680 --> 00:54:48,600 "I want to see men as SA officers and not disgusting apes." 744 00:54:49,560 --> 00:54:53,040 [crowd applaud] 745 00:55:00,480 --> 00:55:03,240 [Walter] It was an enormous scandal. 746 00:55:03,320 --> 00:55:05,960 It was on the front page of every newspaper. 747 00:55:06,040 --> 00:55:08,560 [Hitler in German] I gave the order to shoot 748 00:55:08,640 --> 00:55:13,920 the chief culprits of this treason, 749 00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:20,000 and I gave the order to burn out these ulcers of our internal well poisoning 750 00:55:20,080 --> 00:55:21,960 and the poisoning from foreign countries. 751 00:55:23,480 --> 00:55:27,960 [Walter] I must have heard some kind of announcement on the radio 752 00:55:28,040 --> 00:55:33,800 because I have a very clear memory of the moment I found out what had happened. 753 00:55:36,080 --> 00:55:38,560 It was frightening for everyone. 754 00:55:38,640 --> 00:55:41,520 No matter if you were gay or straight. 755 00:55:41,600 --> 00:55:46,120 As human beings, persecution could happen to anyone. 756 00:55:49,160 --> 00:55:52,080 And it showed us who Hitler truly was. 757 00:56:03,800 --> 00:56:07,440 [Kathrin] With the SS having committed the murders of the SA members, 758 00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:11,760 Himmler has once again clearly proven his loyalty to Hitler. 759 00:56:11,840 --> 00:56:12,920 As a thank you, 760 00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:17,080 Hitler grants Himmler's wish of separating the SS from the SA. 761 00:56:17,160 --> 00:56:19,480 It is now directly under Hitler's command. 762 00:56:22,200 --> 00:56:25,520 Which is exactly what Heinrich Himmler has wanted all along. 763 00:56:28,520 --> 00:56:30,400 This ultimately lays the foundation 764 00:56:30,480 --> 00:56:33,720 for Heinrich Himmler's career and rise to power. 765 00:56:36,440 --> 00:56:38,400 After the Röhm and SA murders, 766 00:56:38,480 --> 00:56:40,920 he takes over the leadership of the political police 767 00:56:41,000 --> 00:56:43,160 in all German states little by little 768 00:56:43,240 --> 00:56:46,840 until he eventually becomes chief of the entire German police force 769 00:56:46,920 --> 00:56:50,040 as well as Reich leader of the SS and Gestapo. 770 00:56:54,240 --> 00:56:57,960 [Klaus] Heinrich Himmler becomes the leader of the fight against homosexuality. 771 00:56:58,040 --> 00:57:01,080 His goal is to eradicate homosexuality. 772 00:57:02,720 --> 00:57:05,160 [Kathrin] "Homosexuality tears down any accomplishment 773 00:57:05,240 --> 00:57:08,160 and destroys the state in its very foundation." 774 00:57:08,240 --> 00:57:11,000 "For only the nation that has a great many children 775 00:57:11,080 --> 00:57:14,600 has an entitlement to world power and world domination." 776 00:57:14,680 --> 00:57:17,480 "Homosexuality has to be combated at all costs, 777 00:57:17,560 --> 00:57:21,200 otherwise it will be the end of Germany, the end of the Germanic world." 778 00:57:21,280 --> 00:57:23,840 [Himmler] It is the sword of the revolution 779 00:57:25,520 --> 00:57:28,560 that the only enemy no longer causing damage 780 00:57:29,440 --> 00:57:32,480 is the one who is dead and who is annihilated. 781 00:57:34,440 --> 00:57:36,840 [Klaus] The previously compiled pink lists 782 00:57:36,920 --> 00:57:40,000 are not only in the hands of the German police, 783 00:57:40,080 --> 00:57:42,440 but also in the hands of the Gestapo. 784 00:57:49,200 --> 00:57:54,320 There is then a wave of persecution and sentencing like never before. 785 00:57:56,280 --> 00:58:01,600 [Zavier] Gay men are persecuted directly through paragraph 175. 786 00:58:02,320 --> 00:58:06,160 But trans people and lesbians are also persecuted under the Nazi regime, 787 00:58:06,240 --> 00:58:08,960 but through more indirect and complicated ways. 788 00:58:09,040 --> 00:58:12,800 They could be targeted by being called "asozial" 789 00:58:12,880 --> 00:58:15,080 or for not fitting into the Volksgemeinschaft. 790 00:58:20,520 --> 00:58:23,000 Many of the people being persecuted 791 00:58:23,080 --> 00:58:27,160 are also surprised by how quickly the police step in, 792 00:58:27,240 --> 00:58:29,520 how quickly they end up in court. 793 00:58:29,600 --> 00:58:32,480 They don't know yet how to protect themselves. 794 00:58:32,560 --> 00:58:36,520 They have address books at home that suddenly turn up as evidence in court. 795 00:58:39,160 --> 00:58:41,920 Snitching is particularly encouraged. 796 00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:43,880 And the German people deliver. 797 00:58:45,080 --> 00:58:48,160 Neighbors monitor whether you get a visitor 798 00:58:48,240 --> 00:58:50,800 and pull the bedroom curtains closed. 799 00:58:52,440 --> 00:58:55,760 Neighbors report women who wear pants and look butch. 800 00:58:59,760 --> 00:59:01,560 So these individuals 801 00:59:01,640 --> 00:59:04,400 who are no longer tolerated within Nazi Germany 802 00:59:04,480 --> 00:59:06,440 are dealt with by the police. 803 00:59:15,080 --> 00:59:19,000 And so we see that between 1933 and 1936, 804 00:59:19,080 --> 00:59:23,280 Manasse tries again and again to find a safe place to live outside of Germany. 805 00:59:24,400 --> 00:59:26,560 He and Gottfried try to meet up, 806 00:59:26,640 --> 00:59:30,600 whether it be in Berlin or in cities where Gottfried plays tennis, 807 00:59:30,680 --> 00:59:32,680 in order to continue their relationship. 808 00:59:34,680 --> 00:59:38,280 It must have been very, very exhausting and also very oppressive. 809 00:59:38,360 --> 00:59:40,240 They are young lovers after all. 810 00:59:42,560 --> 00:59:46,080 And that ease suddenly shifts to these intense questions of: 811 00:59:46,160 --> 00:59:48,600 "How can I get out of here? How can I get to safety?" 812 00:59:48,680 --> 00:59:52,200 [tense music] 813 01:00:00,240 --> 01:00:01,320 They meet up again. 814 01:00:02,080 --> 01:00:05,840 But this will be the last night they can spend with each other for many years. 815 01:00:09,880 --> 01:00:14,560 Gottfried transfers the prize money he won from various tournaments to Manasse, 816 01:00:14,640 --> 01:00:19,680 so that in early 1936 Manasse is able to safely emigrate to Palestine. 817 01:00:19,760 --> 01:00:26,120 [melancholic music] 818 01:00:27,440 --> 01:00:31,680 He also loses Lisa that same year when she files for divorce. 819 01:00:34,280 --> 01:00:38,200 We know from her later letters that she often regretted taking this step, 820 01:00:41,400 --> 01:00:44,320 but also that she was convinced the she couldn't compete 821 01:00:44,400 --> 01:00:47,320 with the huge love that Gottfried had for tennis. 822 01:00:50,160 --> 01:00:53,720 She says that if she were to continue to live this life with him, 823 01:00:53,800 --> 01:00:56,520 she would have to give up everything important to her. 824 01:00:56,600 --> 01:00:58,840 Because there was barely room for her anymore. 825 01:01:09,560 --> 01:01:13,480 One of the biggest tennis matches in Gottfried von Cramm's career 826 01:01:13,560 --> 01:01:17,480 is the 1937 Davis Cup at Wimbledon 827 01:01:17,560 --> 01:01:20,800 against his American opponent, Donald Budge. 828 01:01:23,720 --> 01:01:28,840 Gottfried is one of the most popular athletes in the world at this time. 829 01:01:28,920 --> 01:01:32,960 And the Nazi regime, of course, expects him to win for Germany. 830 01:01:36,240 --> 01:01:41,400 There are 15,000 spectators in the crowd, including Queen Mary herself, 831 01:01:41,480 --> 01:01:44,480 and people are watching from all over the globe. 832 01:01:44,560 --> 01:01:46,640 There had never been anything quite like it. 833 01:01:46,720 --> 01:01:47,880 And to this day, 834 01:01:47,960 --> 01:01:51,600 this match is remembered as one of the greatest tennis matches of all time. 835 01:01:55,720 --> 01:01:58,360 According to an anecdote from Donald Budge, 836 01:01:58,440 --> 01:02:01,520 Gottfried got a phone call shortly before the match, 837 01:02:02,280 --> 01:02:04,240 supposedly from Hitler, 838 01:02:04,320 --> 01:02:08,560 threatening him that if he didn't win this game, 839 01:02:08,640 --> 01:02:10,200 they could no longer protect him. 840 01:02:11,480 --> 01:02:12,960 [announcer] Wimbledon finals, 841 01:02:13,680 --> 01:02:15,520 where the big men's championship match 842 01:02:15,600 --> 01:02:18,040 sees Baron von Cramm, German Davis Cup ace, 843 01:02:18,120 --> 01:02:20,280 serve to California's Donald Budge, 844 01:02:20,360 --> 01:02:23,560 Wimbledon Champion and this year's unbeatable Yankee. 845 01:02:25,160 --> 01:02:26,920 Budge in the near court. 846 01:02:33,440 --> 01:02:34,240 Deuce. 847 01:02:34,320 --> 01:02:39,320 [crowd applauds] 848 01:02:41,320 --> 01:02:43,560 [Klaus] As the match unfolds, 849 01:02:43,640 --> 01:02:45,760 it seems likely that Gottfried will be the winner. 850 01:02:50,040 --> 01:02:51,920 [announcer] Advantage von Cramm. 851 01:02:52,000 --> 01:02:54,360 [crowd cheer] 852 01:02:55,800 --> 01:02:56,920 Quiet, please. 853 01:03:07,400 --> 01:03:09,120 Budge now in the far court. 854 01:03:11,800 --> 01:03:12,840 [crowd cheer] 855 01:03:14,320 --> 01:03:17,320 [Klaus] At the very end, in the fifth set, 856 01:03:17,400 --> 01:03:19,440 he ends up losing eight to six 857 01:03:20,480 --> 01:03:23,440 but he does what he also has also become famous for, 858 01:03:23,520 --> 01:03:26,240 he honors the victor. 859 01:03:26,320 --> 01:03:32,880 My dear Don, I want to congratulate you on your splendid playing. 860 01:03:33,760 --> 01:03:37,440 I think you deserve to win every championship in the world now. 861 01:03:37,520 --> 01:03:40,040 But I'll do what I can to prevent that. 862 01:03:40,120 --> 01:03:41,680 You're such a grand sportsman. 863 01:03:41,760 --> 01:03:45,320 That is very kind of you, my dear Donald. Thanks very much indeed. 864 01:03:47,400 --> 01:03:49,800 [Klaus] That delighted the audience 865 01:03:49,880 --> 01:03:51,200 because everyone understood 866 01:03:51,280 --> 01:03:54,160 that while this tennis player might compete for Nazi Germany 867 01:03:54,240 --> 01:03:56,720 he does not identify with Nazi Germany. 868 01:03:56,800 --> 01:04:00,880 [crowds cheer and shout] 869 01:04:03,040 --> 01:04:04,720 Which then poses the question: 870 01:04:04,800 --> 01:04:06,880 does that still serve the regime? 871 01:04:12,760 --> 01:04:15,680 After the defeat, Gottfried goes on a world tour, 872 01:04:15,760 --> 01:04:18,640 where he rushes from one tennis tournament to the next. 873 01:04:19,560 --> 01:04:21,200 At a press conference, 874 01:04:21,280 --> 01:04:22,800 he is asked what he thinks about 875 01:04:22,880 --> 01:04:25,760 the persecution of the Jewish people in Germany. 876 01:04:25,840 --> 01:04:28,800 And he clearly states that he does not agree with it. 877 01:04:28,880 --> 01:04:33,720 So he makes no effort to hide his distaste for National Socialism, 878 01:04:33,800 --> 01:04:37,120 which means he is putting himself in more and more danger. 879 01:04:48,480 --> 01:04:54,200 FREE GERMAN AUSTRIA GREETS YOU! 880 01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:01,280 ONE PEOPLE, ONE REICH, ONE FÜHRER 881 01:05:08,720 --> 01:05:11,360 [Walter] The Austrians became Nazis overnight. 882 01:05:11,440 --> 01:05:18,040 [crowds cheer] 883 01:05:21,080 --> 01:05:26,760 He had a crowd of 400,000 people cheering for him in the Vienna public square. 884 01:05:27,800 --> 01:05:30,560 [Hitler in German] As Führer and Chancellor 885 01:05:30,640 --> 01:05:32,800 of the German Nations of the Reich, 886 01:05:32,880 --> 01:05:35,560 I now declare before German history, 887 01:05:35,640 --> 01:05:40,080 the accession of my homeland to the German Reich! 888 01:05:40,160 --> 01:05:40,960 [crowds cheer] 889 01:05:41,040 --> 01:05:43,800 [crowd] Heil! Heil! 890 01:05:47,840 --> 01:05:54,840 [oppressive music] 891 01:05:55,760 --> 01:05:59,120 JEWRY IS GANGSTERISM 892 01:06:00,520 --> 01:06:02,280 [Walter] When you went out in the streets, 893 01:06:02,360 --> 01:06:06,640 the whole city was full of these posters that said "Jews banned." 894 01:06:06,720 --> 01:06:08,320 There were posters everywhere you looked. 895 01:06:08,400 --> 01:06:09,200 NON-ARYAN SHOP 896 01:06:09,280 --> 01:06:10,240 HERZMANSKYARYAN AGAIN 897 01:06:12,200 --> 01:06:14,240 But I still went out anyway. 898 01:06:16,400 --> 01:06:18,840 I really was just wandering through the city. 899 01:06:22,360 --> 01:06:24,720 Suddenly I see a crowd of people. 900 01:06:24,800 --> 01:06:27,040 And there's my Aunt Gretel on her knees, 901 01:06:27,120 --> 01:06:30,320 being forced to clean the pavement with a toothbrush. 902 01:06:32,760 --> 01:06:37,000 JEW 903 01:06:40,560 --> 01:06:46,080 [gentle piano music] 904 01:06:47,040 --> 01:06:52,280 The day after Hitler came here to Vienna, this letter in a blue envelope arrives. 905 01:06:55,320 --> 01:06:56,960 [Lumpi] "Dear Walter, 906 01:06:58,360 --> 01:07:01,640 Since you visited, everything has become so dreadful in Budapest." 907 01:07:02,360 --> 01:07:04,680 "You wouldn't recognize it anymore." 908 01:07:04,760 --> 01:07:07,360 "'I'm also hearing dreadful things about Vienna." 909 01:07:07,440 --> 01:07:10,480 "How are you? Are you safe?" 910 01:07:12,840 --> 01:07:15,720 "My parents had to give up their business, even though we converted." 911 01:07:17,080 --> 01:07:20,200 "They're trying to make us leave the country." 912 01:07:20,280 --> 01:07:22,600 "But we have no family or close friends to go to." 913 01:07:22,680 --> 01:07:24,440 "Except you." 914 01:07:24,520 --> 01:07:27,120 "I'm very scared. The Nazis are everywhere here." 915 01:07:27,200 --> 01:07:28,440 "And I'm terrified." 916 01:07:31,160 --> 01:07:32,760 "Can you help us somehow?" 917 01:07:32,840 --> 01:07:35,120 "What are you gonna do?" 918 01:07:35,200 --> 01:07:39,400 "If you leave, please take me with you and write back to me quickly." 919 01:07:39,920 --> 01:07:41,280 "Your Lumpi." 920 01:07:46,240 --> 01:07:48,440 [Walter] It was a desperate letter. 921 01:07:48,520 --> 01:07:50,880 I didn't answer it because I… 922 01:07:50,960 --> 01:07:54,520 Well, at the time the letter arrived, 923 01:07:54,600 --> 01:07:58,960 we were already in a very, very precarious situation in Vienna. 924 01:08:03,600 --> 01:08:05,480 And then, that night, 925 01:08:05,560 --> 01:08:09,640 they came into our apartment at two in the morning 926 01:08:09,720 --> 01:08:10,920 and took my father. 927 01:08:13,160 --> 01:08:14,840 They sent him to Dachau. 928 01:08:15,880 --> 01:08:18,880 It was terrible. How could I have helped? 929 01:08:23,880 --> 01:08:26,000 That was the end of Lumpi for me. 930 01:08:26,080 --> 01:08:33,080 [melancholic piano music] 931 01:08:52,640 --> 01:08:58,640 [in Hebrew] Blessed are You, Lord our God, Ruler of the universe. 932 01:09:00,080 --> 01:09:02,920 who has sanctified us with His good deeds, 933 01:09:04,120 --> 01:09:07,479 and commanded us to light a candle for the Sabbath. 934 01:09:19,760 --> 01:09:23,840 [Kathrin] On the nights of the 9th and 10th of November, 1938, 935 01:09:23,920 --> 01:09:26,760 there's a Pogrom throughout the entire Reich. 936 01:09:32,560 --> 01:09:35,319 It was long called Kristallnacht, or Long Night of Broken Glass, 937 01:09:35,399 --> 01:09:37,439 to downplay its severity. 938 01:09:37,520 --> 01:09:40,840 During these nights, synagogues burn all over Germany. 939 01:09:40,920 --> 01:09:46,000 Jewish stores as well as homes are looted, robbed and destroyed. 940 01:09:46,840 --> 01:09:51,479 Many, many Jewish people are arrested, and sent to concentration camps. 941 01:09:56,279 --> 01:10:01,480 [Morgan] It must be an incredibly anxious time for Charlotte and Toni. 942 01:10:04,960 --> 01:10:08,720 They make the decision to flee to Czechoslovakia 943 01:10:08,800 --> 01:10:11,160 where they think it might be safer. 944 01:10:11,240 --> 01:10:12,280 For now. 945 01:10:17,320 --> 01:10:20,520 [Klaus] When Gottfried got back from his six-month world tour, 946 01:10:20,600 --> 01:10:22,080 it's March and it's cold. 947 01:10:23,080 --> 01:10:24,960 And on his first evening back, 948 01:10:25,040 --> 01:10:28,200 he sits down for dinner with his mother and his brothers. 949 01:10:30,680 --> 01:10:35,680 There was a dinner in Brüggen. The whole family was there. 950 01:10:35,760 --> 01:10:39,200 And then suddenly, it's like knock, knock, knock on heaven's door. 951 01:10:39,280 --> 01:10:43,760 My Grandma answered the door and came back looking all pale, saying, 952 01:10:43,840 --> 01:10:46,440 "Gottfried, they're asking for you." 953 01:10:46,520 --> 01:10:48,120 It was two Gestapo officers. 954 01:10:48,200 --> 01:10:49,720 They immediately took him with them. 955 01:10:49,800 --> 01:10:51,440 Next thing you know, he's in prison. 956 01:10:53,760 --> 01:10:56,600 The arrest was really theatrically staged. 957 01:10:56,680 --> 01:10:59,080 They could just as easily have written a letter 958 01:10:59,160 --> 01:11:01,360 telling him to report to the police station. 959 01:11:01,440 --> 01:11:04,600 But I think the Nazi regime pretty deliberately chose 960 01:11:04,680 --> 01:11:06,480 to do this very publicly. 961 01:11:20,440 --> 01:11:22,880 On May 14th, 1938, 962 01:11:22,960 --> 01:11:28,640 Gottfried is sentenced to one year in prison for violation of Paragraph 175. 963 01:11:28,720 --> 01:11:32,880 The cause is his five-year relationship with Manasse Herbst. 964 01:11:32,960 --> 01:11:35,600 "We had to consider the aggravating fact 965 01:11:35,680 --> 01:11:38,400 that the accused engaged in homosexual behavior 966 01:11:38,480 --> 01:11:40,640 quickly after his wedding." 967 01:11:41,600 --> 01:11:44,200 "But most egregious was that the accused, 968 01:11:44,280 --> 01:11:46,560 with his standing in German sports 969 01:11:46,640 --> 01:11:50,920 his world-renowned name and his overall position in society, 970 01:11:51,000 --> 01:11:55,720 did not shy away from getting involved in homosexual activity with a Jew." 971 01:12:02,840 --> 01:12:06,120 It's lucky that Manasse had already left Germany at this point. 972 01:12:06,200 --> 01:12:09,760 Otherwise, he would have never survived this. 973 01:12:14,920 --> 01:12:16,840 [Robert] During the period of the Third Reich, 974 01:12:16,920 --> 01:12:19,640 it's estimated that 100,000 men 975 01:12:19,720 --> 01:12:23,280 were charged under the German anti-gay law. 976 01:12:23,360 --> 01:12:25,800 Some 50,000, it's estimated, 977 01:12:25,880 --> 01:12:28,920 were successfully prosecuted. 978 01:12:29,520 --> 01:12:32,120 Somewhere between 5,000 and 15,000 979 01:12:32,200 --> 01:12:34,080 perished in concentration camps. 980 01:12:40,000 --> 01:12:41,600 [Klaus] From the start, 981 01:12:41,680 --> 01:12:45,640 the concentration camps were a deliberate instrument of Nazi terror. 982 01:12:47,480 --> 01:12:49,280 [Kathrin] Prisoners marked as homosexual 983 01:12:49,360 --> 01:12:51,040 faced particular cruelty 984 01:12:51,120 --> 01:12:54,200 and rarely experienced solidarity from other prisoner groups. 985 01:12:54,280 --> 01:12:56,720 BADGES FOR PRISONERS IN CONCENTRATION CAMPS 986 01:12:57,320 --> 01:12:59,480 [Klaus] Homosexuals have to wear a pink triangle. 987 01:12:59,560 --> 01:13:01,600 EMIGRANTS, BIBLE SCHOLARS, HOMOSEXUALS 988 01:13:03,000 --> 01:13:04,720 [Kathrin] They are forced into hard labor 989 01:13:04,800 --> 01:13:07,520 under the harshest, most terrible conditions. 990 01:13:07,600 --> 01:13:09,720 They're given barely any rations and, as a result, 991 01:13:09,800 --> 01:13:13,400 ˙many of the gay prisoners die from these unspeakable conditions of imprisonment. 992 01:13:16,320 --> 01:13:19,320 [Klaus] Some of them are abused in medical trials, 993 01:13:19,400 --> 01:13:21,240 which not all of them survive. 994 01:13:22,440 --> 01:13:25,320 They are also given the option of castration. 995 01:13:25,400 --> 01:13:26,960 They are told if they get castrated, 996 01:13:27,040 --> 01:13:30,560 they will be allowed to leave the concentration camp afterwards. 997 01:13:30,640 --> 01:13:32,720 However, we know from various sources 998 01:13:32,800 --> 01:13:35,840 that a lot of those who chose this option were not in fact released. 999 01:13:35,920 --> 01:13:41,000 [somber music] 1000 01:13:57,520 --> 01:14:00,440 Many prisoners who were accused of homosexuality, 1001 01:14:00,520 --> 01:14:03,360 often based on reportings from their neighbors 1002 01:14:03,440 --> 01:14:05,680 do not survive imprisonment in the camps. 1003 01:14:08,440 --> 01:14:13,480 These prosecutions reach their peak between 1937 and 1939, 1004 01:14:13,560 --> 01:14:17,040 which is right before Hitler's war against Europe begins. 1005 01:14:20,840 --> 01:14:25,200 It's not like the genocide of Jews. 1006 01:14:25,800 --> 01:14:30,040 The Nazis don't think that they need to kill all homosexuals. 1007 01:14:30,120 --> 01:14:33,040 What they want to do is eliminate homosexuality. 1008 01:14:40,920 --> 01:14:43,920 [Kathrin] In 1941, Hitler puts Heinrich Himmler in charge 1009 01:14:44,000 --> 01:14:48,000 of the so-called "final solution to the Jewish question." 1010 01:14:48,080 --> 01:14:50,320 That means that Heinrich Himmler is tasked 1011 01:14:50,400 --> 01:14:55,360 with carrying out the order to exterminate German and European Jewish people. 1012 01:14:57,320 --> 01:15:01,400 In Czechoslovakia, the Aliens Police come for Charlotte. 1013 01:15:02,120 --> 01:15:03,960 [Morgan] She gets arrested 1014 01:15:04,040 --> 01:15:09,320 while Charlotte and Toni are celebrating their 10-year anniversary. 1015 01:15:12,040 --> 01:15:15,800 And she is about to be interned in a concentration camp. 1016 01:15:18,720 --> 01:15:22,320 [Morgan] Toni panics. And she runs to the Swiss Consul. 1017 01:15:22,400 --> 01:15:26,800 And alerts the authorities to the fact that Charlotte is actually American. 1018 01:15:26,880 --> 01:15:33,760 [Morgan] Eventually Charlotte is put on a boat and sent to New York City. 1019 01:15:34,320 --> 01:15:39,000 Toni thought on her feet about how to get her out of the situation. 1020 01:15:39,080 --> 01:15:41,760 Otherwise she would have been sent to an extermination camp. 1021 01:15:47,840 --> 01:15:49,960 It separates them for the rest of their life. 1022 01:15:50,040 --> 01:15:52,440 They never see each other again. 1023 01:15:52,520 --> 01:15:56,680 [melancholic music] 1024 01:16:18,000 --> 01:16:25,000 [somber music] 1025 01:16:51,400 --> 01:16:54,120 [Walter] I searched for Lumpi for the rest of my life. 1026 01:16:55,240 --> 01:16:58,560 I wanted to know where he was, what had happened to him. 1027 01:17:24,640 --> 01:17:27,320 Only now have I seen these pictures. 1028 01:17:28,120 --> 01:17:30,440 Only now have they been released. 1029 01:17:36,680 --> 01:17:40,120 He was in a labor camp and starved to death. 1030 01:17:43,200 --> 01:17:47,480 It's heartbreaking to me that he died like that. 1031 01:17:47,560 --> 01:17:52,280 The only thing I can say is that he didn't deserve that. 1032 01:17:53,200 --> 01:17:55,000 [gentle piano music] 1033 01:17:55,080 --> 01:18:00,560 MARTYRS OF WAR 1034 01:18:02,240 --> 01:18:05,520 Terrible. And what do I see? 1035 01:18:05,600 --> 01:18:07,560 Just this large stone. 1036 01:18:07,640 --> 01:18:10,840 A photograph of this large stone that says, 1037 01:18:10,920 --> 01:18:15,280 "Fülöp Loránt", 24 years old or maybe 25. 1038 01:18:15,360 --> 01:18:21,360 FÜLÖP LÓRÁNT 25 YEARS 1039 01:18:22,880 --> 01:18:23,680 [sighs] 1040 01:18:34,240 --> 01:18:38,040 In Vienna we say that there's a lot to come to terms with. 1041 01:18:38,120 --> 01:18:43,120 You can never accept something until you face it and come to terms with it. 1042 01:18:44,040 --> 01:18:44,920 Yeah. 1043 01:18:50,320 --> 01:18:53,480 As long as Lumpi isn't lost to history, 1044 01:18:53,560 --> 01:18:58,280 then I'm glad I did my very small part in preserving his memory. 1045 01:19:09,840 --> 01:19:11,880 [Klaus] Not knowing what happened to a loved one 1046 01:19:11,960 --> 01:19:15,280 is unfortunately very common for many Jewish victims. 1047 01:19:15,360 --> 01:19:18,800 For many of them we only learn where and how they were murdered 1048 01:19:18,880 --> 01:19:20,160 much later on, 1049 01:19:20,240 --> 01:19:22,080 or sometimes never at all. 1050 01:19:36,800 --> 01:19:40,440 After the war, gay survivors want to share their stories, 1051 01:19:40,520 --> 01:19:42,080 but they can't, it's too dangerous. 1052 01:19:43,880 --> 01:19:47,760 In 1945, the state-sponsored persecution of homosexuals 1053 01:19:47,840 --> 01:19:49,640 is not recognized as an injustice. 1054 01:19:51,920 --> 01:19:55,280 West Germany adopts Nazi Paragraph 175. 1055 01:19:56,440 --> 01:20:00,440 Society still considers homosexuals to be criminals and perverts. 1056 01:20:00,520 --> 01:20:05,040 Families remain silent, historians don't ask questions. 1057 01:20:05,120 --> 01:20:07,080 The persecution continues. 1058 01:20:11,440 --> 01:20:14,600 CRIMINAL CASE AGAINST GOTTFRIED VON CRAMM 1059 01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:20,240 In 1951, Gottfried like many other persecuted gay victims, 1060 01:20:20,320 --> 01:20:24,720 tries to get the paragraph 175 conviction removed from his record. 1061 01:20:26,920 --> 01:20:28,640 Without an expungement, 1062 01:20:28,720 --> 01:20:31,000 he can't secure visas to participate in tournaments 1063 01:20:31,080 --> 01:20:33,680 in the US, Great Britain or France. 1064 01:20:36,840 --> 01:20:38,960 There is a resulting trial 1065 01:20:39,040 --> 01:20:43,080 which Manasse Herbst returns to Germany for in 1951. 1066 01:20:49,040 --> 01:20:50,840 It's the first time since escaping 1067 01:20:50,920 --> 01:20:53,560 that he returns to the country that wanted to kill him. 1068 01:20:53,640 --> 01:20:56,560 And it's also the first reunion between Gottfried and Manasse. 1069 01:20:56,640 --> 01:21:02,600 [tense music] 1070 01:21:07,240 --> 01:21:09,920 Lisa is also questioned by the German court. 1071 01:21:10,000 --> 01:21:13,600 She confirms the relationship between Manasse and Gottfried. 1072 01:21:13,680 --> 01:21:18,840 For a fleeting moment, the trio fearlessly relieves the freedom of the 1920s, 1073 01:21:18,920 --> 01:21:21,920 during the extremely conservative 1950s. 1074 01:21:23,680 --> 01:21:25,320 …DECLINED AN EARLY EXPUNGEMENT 1075 01:21:26,600 --> 01:21:28,600 Like most other convicted homosexuals, 1076 01:21:28,680 --> 01:21:31,160 his expungement is denied. 1077 01:21:31,240 --> 01:21:32,800 He can't get his visa to compete 1078 01:21:32,880 --> 01:21:35,320 in the most important international tennis tournaments. 1079 01:21:37,320 --> 01:21:40,720 He does win other tournaments in countries where he's able to travel, 1080 01:21:40,800 --> 01:21:43,120 but he can't play in the really important ones, 1081 01:21:44,160 --> 01:21:46,920 expressly because he has a previous criminal conviction 1082 01:21:47,000 --> 01:21:49,440 under Nazi paragraph 175. 1083 01:22:03,480 --> 01:22:06,920 [Walter] I emigrated to the US in 1939 1084 01:22:07,000 --> 01:22:09,960 and have been living here happily ever since. 1085 01:22:11,800 --> 01:22:13,400 I became a composer 1086 01:22:13,480 --> 01:22:16,960 and have spent my whole life composing music. 1087 01:22:17,040 --> 01:22:23,760 [crowd applaud] 1088 01:22:27,760 --> 01:22:34,400 [Walter] I met someone in 1959, I believe it was. 1089 01:22:34,920 --> 01:22:37,280 His name is Howard Myers. 1090 01:22:38,280 --> 01:22:39,760 Thank you. 1091 01:22:39,840 --> 01:22:44,840 I have no idea why you buy such a huge cup of coffee. 1092 01:22:47,040 --> 01:22:49,640 [Howard] The truth was, we were shameless. 1093 01:22:50,400 --> 01:22:52,080 We didn't feel any shame. 1094 01:22:52,160 --> 01:22:58,200 We went to dinners with six married couples and us. 1095 01:22:58,280 --> 01:23:01,040 I wasn't shameless because I never doubted 1096 01:23:01,720 --> 01:23:04,840 that I'm able to do what I'm setting out to do. 1097 01:23:05,440 --> 01:23:07,640 [Howard] Walter did live for me. 1098 01:23:07,720 --> 01:23:12,360 He did everything for me in our first decades, 1099 01:23:12,440 --> 01:23:13,920 when we were younger. 1100 01:23:14,720 --> 01:23:18,280 And now he's 100 years old, 1101 01:23:18,880 --> 01:23:23,640 and only in the last 15 years 1102 01:23:23,720 --> 01:23:27,440 has he needed me to do anything for him. 1103 01:23:31,400 --> 01:23:36,080 Okay, it says, "The city of West Hollywood marriage certificate." 1104 01:23:36,840 --> 01:23:40,320 "This certifies that Walter Arlen and Howard Myers 1105 01:23:40,400 --> 01:23:46,680 were lawfully wedded on the second day of July 2013." 1106 01:23:48,440 --> 01:23:50,240 It didn't change anything. 1107 01:23:51,120 --> 01:23:54,640 It was just a quiet satisfaction. 1108 01:23:56,000 --> 01:23:59,680 He wouldn't have anybody to quarrel with without me. 1109 01:23:59,760 --> 01:24:00,560 [laughs] 1110 01:24:07,600 --> 01:24:11,040 [Morgan] Charlotte spends the rest of her life in Brooklyn. 1111 01:24:12,200 --> 01:24:14,320 She ends up becoming an actress. 1112 01:24:15,880 --> 01:24:18,200 But even though she's separated from Toni, 1113 01:24:18,280 --> 01:24:21,800 she creates new friendships among the artistic community. 1114 01:24:21,880 --> 01:24:25,280 And a lot of them don't know that she ever was trans. 1115 01:24:26,080 --> 01:24:28,280 [Zavier] She even managed to get her US documents 1116 01:24:28,360 --> 01:24:31,600 to certify that she was a woman with a feminine name. 1117 01:24:31,680 --> 01:24:33,480 And this was really important to her 1118 01:24:33,560 --> 01:24:37,640 as it cemented her kind of legitimate female identity. 1119 01:24:41,440 --> 01:24:44,560 [Morgan] I think about what I would do in that situation. 1120 01:24:45,320 --> 01:24:48,760 Do I need to flee? You know, where would I go? 1121 01:24:48,840 --> 01:24:55,800 [somber music] 1122 01:24:57,800 --> 01:25:01,960 After the war, Toni is able to return to Berlin 1123 01:25:02,040 --> 01:25:06,760 where she lives out the rest of her life as a painter and an artist. 1124 01:25:16,600 --> 01:25:19,800 [Zavier] We can see this period in the 20s, a hundred years ago, 1125 01:25:19,880 --> 01:25:23,920 as really exemplifying how fragile some of these liberties are. 1126 01:25:25,320 --> 01:25:27,840 Even today with the kind of progress 1127 01:25:27,920 --> 01:25:31,000 that has happened for queer rights and even trans rights, 1128 01:25:31,080 --> 01:25:34,480 that you can have these liberties and they can be taken away from you. 1129 01:25:34,560 --> 01:25:38,240 ELDORADO HERE IT IS RIGHT! 1130 01:25:38,320 --> 01:25:39,680 PANTRY AT THE ELDORADO 1131 01:25:39,760 --> 01:25:46,240 [Ben] The Eldorado's final venue is now a very fancy organic supermarket. 1132 01:25:46,320 --> 01:25:49,320 You can go to the place where people used to watch drag shows 1133 01:25:49,400 --> 01:25:50,800 and buy expensive avocados. 1134 01:25:57,680 --> 01:25:59,960 [Klaus] I think queer life in Berlin 1135 01:26:00,040 --> 01:26:02,000 had to completely reinvent itself. 1136 01:26:04,520 --> 01:26:06,200 And it's worked out pretty well 1137 01:26:06,280 --> 01:26:09,920 when you look at how the queer community in Berlin is really thriving 1138 01:26:10,000 --> 01:26:12,280 and how multifaceted and diverse it has become. 1139 01:26:13,920 --> 01:26:17,160 But were we able to draw on our past tradition? 1140 01:26:17,240 --> 01:26:18,920 I don't think so. 1141 01:26:19,000 --> 01:26:20,680 For a long time, 1142 01:26:20,760 --> 01:26:24,600 we didn't even know anything about the persecution of homosexuals. 1143 01:26:24,680 --> 01:26:28,640 And in that sense, today's queer Berlin… 1144 01:26:28,720 --> 01:26:32,600 certainly isn't a continuation in any way, shape or form 1145 01:26:32,680 --> 01:26:35,200 of the queer community of the 1920s. 1146 01:26:36,440 --> 01:26:37,840 That really was lost. 1147 01:26:39,680 --> 01:26:45,080 No names. No memories. Nothing. 1148 01:26:46,680 --> 01:26:53,680 [peaceful piano music]