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‫In this vocabulary lesson, we're looking at taught language for our modern world and modern society.

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‫Let's take a look at the vocabulary list, globalization.

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‫Communication economy.

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‫Trade.

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‫Global.

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‫Subculture.

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‫Migration.

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‫Rat race.

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‫So these are just a few really interesting terms that you can use when discussing or writing about our

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‫modern society, and of course, they may come up in the aisles listening or reading sections of the

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‫test.

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‫Let's move on to take a look at globalization.

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‫Globalization is a term that describes the growing trend and rise in international communication, trade

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‫and relationships.

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‫So if we go back a hundred years before now, globalization was much less of a thing.

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‫For example, the U.K. probably didn't do a lot of trade with countries in Southeast Asia, but nowadays

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‫countries trade and with everybody, people travel everywhere.

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‫Globalization, one big, small world.

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‫Due to globalization, many countries now have closer relations.

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‫Cheaper international travel helped to give rise to globalization.

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‫So that's two examples for this term of globalization, an increase in global relationships.

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‫OK, next up, we have communication, which simply means speaking or communicating with a person or

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‫someone else.

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‫The level of communication seen online has increased since the early 1990s.

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‫Nowadays, most people have smartphones, which helps them to communicate the verb of communication.

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‫And here we have economy, when we use the word economy, it's for describing the different ways a country

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‫generates money.

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‫For example, the economy of China is partly production, manufacturing based.

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‫The economy of the UK is partly tourist based or service based.

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‫Let's have a look at some examples.

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‫In some countries, tourism is considered a major part of their economy.

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‫The economy saw a huge downturn due to the financial crisis last year, and we use this word downturn

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‫to describe an economy that is failing, that is decreasing.

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‫If an economy is getting smaller, we say there was a downturn in the economy.

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‫OK, let's move on to trade.

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‫Quite simply, it is the import export selling or buying of goods between a person or a company or a

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‫country.

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‫As a matter of fact, international trade is rich and diverse, with many different products and commodities

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‫being sold.

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‫Some people are beginning to trade online, but many believe this to be dangerous.

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‫And here we have the word global, quite simply, global means our entire planet.

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‫In our growing global community, we should all try to act responsibly to one another, global community

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‫is a common collocation when discussing the community of our entire planet, much like in your hometown,

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‫there will be small communities.

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‫A global community is our entire planet and the relations we have with each other.

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‫On a global level, we need to try and build better relations with new countries.

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‫Here we have a subculture, a subculture is a smaller part of a bigger culture.

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‫For example, I will show you this first example to explain.

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‫In the 1980s, punk was considered a major subculture of music in the United Kingdom.

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‫Say punk is a subculture, a smaller part of the big culture of music.

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‫There are many different kinds of subcultures in art.

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‫And the next one is migration, and it's often used to describe the movement of people around the globe.

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‫Wars and famine have given rise to migration across Europe in the last 10 years.

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‫Migration from the U.K. to America fell by five percent in 1996, so two examples for the the of vocabulary

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‫migration.

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‫Here we have this idiom, which is the rat race, it's not actually rat racing, but it's a term that

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‫sounds almost rude, but it's not actually apply to any people in particular.

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‫It's used to describe the way that the culture of people being very, very busy with their lives and

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‫commuting, travelling big distances to work and living in an almost too busy to too stressful environment

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‫and trying to earn money.

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‫We describe that in a negative way as being the rat race.

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‫Again, it sounds rude, but it's not actually a rude thing to say, as we're describing like a feeling

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‫almost.

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‫I'd love to try and escape the rat race and really find my true vocation.

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‫Everyone is so busy in the city, the rat race is clear to see, and there we have all our eight essential

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‫pieces of vocabulary for modern society.