1 00:00:00,650 --> 00:00:07,070 Now it's time for strategy, application, video or lecture number four for the true false not given 2 00:00:07,070 --> 00:00:07,850 question. 3 00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:09,110 Let's get into it. 4 00:00:12,360 --> 00:00:14,610 With the true false not given question. 5 00:00:14,880 --> 00:00:22,470 We have certain steps keyword identification, which means looking in the questions and identifying 6 00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:27,720 the keywords that will help you find the matching sentence, and also identifying the keywords that 7 00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:32,550 will be used to determine if a question is true, false, or not given. 8 00:00:33,960 --> 00:00:38,370 Of course, scanning is the initial challenge, being able to find the matching sentences. 9 00:00:38,790 --> 00:00:42,390 And in this lecture, we're going to be working on that aspect. 10 00:00:42,900 --> 00:00:49,410 And then for determining yes or not given, keep in mind that confirmation means yes. 11 00:00:49,560 --> 00:00:51,720 Contradiction means no. 12 00:00:52,170 --> 00:00:57,150 And missing information is equivalent to something being not given. 13 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:03,030 Some real keys to success for you to follow. 14 00:01:03,810 --> 00:01:09,720 Number one, to understand the determiner or the twist determining language. 15 00:01:09,990 --> 00:01:11,700 I just mentioned that earlier. 16 00:01:12,600 --> 00:01:14,910 I want you to really get good. 17 00:01:15,630 --> 00:01:16,320 Excellent. 18 00:01:16,320 --> 00:01:19,650 Become excellent at determining what language. 19 00:01:19,650 --> 00:01:26,670 And the question is the examiner going to utilize to be able to make something true, false or not given. 20 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:34,960 If you can identify that language, then when you look at the matching sentence is so much easier to 21 00:01:34,960 --> 00:01:36,160 get this correct. 22 00:01:37,300 --> 00:01:38,680 So much easier. 23 00:01:38,860 --> 00:01:43,630 And if you've gone through the previous lectures, you should be getting much better at that now. 24 00:01:44,170 --> 00:01:50,110 Keep in mind, in terms of question creation, a question can be created by more from more than one 25 00:01:50,110 --> 00:01:51,550 sentence in the passage. 26 00:01:52,530 --> 00:02:00,010 The test creator will take two sentences and create and use information from those two sentences to 27 00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:01,330 create one question. 28 00:02:01,750 --> 00:02:03,490 So I want you to be aware of that. 29 00:02:05,230 --> 00:02:08,980 You have to understand the difference between false and not given. 30 00:02:09,310 --> 00:02:10,820 There's a big difference. 31 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:13,270 Not giving means information is missing. 32 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:18,370 Like in this example in the passage, the information is missing. 33 00:02:18,580 --> 00:02:21,040 If Kofi has a green card now, we don't know. 34 00:02:21,040 --> 00:02:22,570 This is not a contradiction. 35 00:02:23,110 --> 00:02:24,220 And don't assume. 36 00:02:24,220 --> 00:02:25,120 Don't infer. 37 00:02:27,590 --> 00:02:32,150 So coming up next, we're going to be dealing with full passage application. 38 00:02:32,420 --> 00:02:38,480 We're going to work on scanning and answering the questions, applying our strategy of yes no, not 39 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:39,050 given. 40 00:02:42,050 --> 00:02:48,530 This yes no not given question is coming from Cambridge Book 15, Test two, Part three. 41 00:02:48,980 --> 00:02:51,890 The passage is entitled Having a Laugh. 42 00:02:52,430 --> 00:02:56,180 So you can go ahead and open up your book and work along with me. 43 00:02:59,060 --> 00:02:59,510 Here. 44 00:02:59,510 --> 00:03:05,120 We can see the passage that I'm going to be looking at on the left and the continuation of the passage 45 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:07,010 on the right and below. 46 00:03:07,010 --> 00:03:13,460 We have questions 37 through 40 which are true, false and not given questions. 47 00:03:14,060 --> 00:03:16,160 So this is from passage number three. 48 00:03:16,910 --> 00:03:23,480 And as we know, passage number three is the most difficult of the three reading passages. 49 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:29,630 It has the most challenging vocabulary is much more academic in nature. 50 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:36,230 And so the vocabulary is much greater and you have to be able to handle it. 51 00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:42,470 Also, we can see that now that we're in passage number three, the questions are longer. 52 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:47,060 Look at number 37, 38, 39 and 40. 53 00:03:47,060 --> 00:03:48,800 The questions are much longer. 54 00:03:49,310 --> 00:03:54,650 Making the questions much longer makes it more difficult for students to determine true or false or 55 00:03:54,650 --> 00:03:59,900 not given if they don't know what to focus on, if they don't know what to focus on. 56 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:05,690 So our first job is to identify the key words in the question. 57 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:13,910 So take out your phone, get your stopwatch ready, because you're going to work on timed, timed test 58 00:04:13,910 --> 00:04:16,370 conditions from this point forward. 59 00:04:19,220 --> 00:04:21,740 So can you identify the keywords in the question? 60 00:04:21,770 --> 00:04:25,820 Open up your Cambridge book 15 Test two Part three Having a laugh. 61 00:04:26,450 --> 00:04:33,560 I want you to set your timer for 45 seconds and I want you to find the keywords for questions. 62 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:39,170 37 to 40 Keep in mind, there are two types of keywords. 63 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:45,620 I want you to be able to find the keywords in the question that help you to find the matching sentence 64 00:04:45,980 --> 00:04:52,280 and identify the keywords in the question that the examiner is using to determine true, false, or 65 00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:53,090 not given. 66 00:04:54,110 --> 00:04:57,230 So stop the lecture right now. 67 00:04:57,260 --> 00:05:02,810 Set your timer for 45 seconds and try to find the keywords. 68 00:05:08,700 --> 00:05:09,180 All right. 69 00:05:09,180 --> 00:05:12,000 So did you find the same keywords that I did? 70 00:05:12,210 --> 00:05:18,840 Were you able to locate the keywords that will help you find the matching sentence and also find the 71 00:05:18,840 --> 00:05:23,520 keywords that will help you to know if a question is true, false or not given. 72 00:05:23,520 --> 00:05:24,450 I hope you did. 73 00:05:25,710 --> 00:05:31,020 The language is highlighted in yellow is the language that's used to find the matching sentence. 74 00:05:31,290 --> 00:05:37,140 The language is highlighted in blue is the language that the examiner will use to determine if something 75 00:05:37,140 --> 00:05:38,820 is true, false, or not given. 76 00:05:39,450 --> 00:05:43,500 So Santa Cruz, friends, strangers. 77 00:05:43,500 --> 00:05:48,780 That's when I help you find the right sentence in terms of determining whether something is true, false 78 00:05:48,780 --> 00:05:52,380 or not given we're looking at were they more accurate? 79 00:05:53,050 --> 00:05:55,030 Is that information confirmed? 80 00:05:55,360 --> 00:06:00,130 Is that information about accuracy contradict and meaning saying that there were not more accurate or 81 00:06:00,130 --> 00:06:00,940 the same? 82 00:06:01,660 --> 00:06:04,930 Or is this information of accuracy missing? 83 00:06:05,470 --> 00:06:08,390 That's what I mean by determining the twist language. 84 00:06:08,410 --> 00:06:16,960 What language in the question is the examiner using to twist towards truth false or not given? 85 00:06:18,100 --> 00:06:22,950 Number 38 San Diego great word defined high status individuals. 86 00:06:22,960 --> 00:06:25,420 It's a hyphenated word, easy to find. 87 00:06:27,030 --> 00:06:30,900 This language will determine true or false are not given. 88 00:06:30,900 --> 00:06:33,510 Where are they correct or are they not correct? 89 00:06:33,540 --> 00:06:35,220 Is that information missing? 90 00:06:36,710 --> 00:06:39,500 Number 39 is a great one to start with. 91 00:06:39,530 --> 00:06:44,450 If you if you if you're trying to decide which question to start with, all of these really have really 92 00:06:44,450 --> 00:06:45,830 good language. 93 00:06:45,830 --> 00:06:52,760 So you should have no problem you should have no problem locating these these sentences. 94 00:06:52,760 --> 00:07:00,650 Santa Cruz, San Diego, Australian National University, Changan Wang great that these are this is 95 00:07:00,650 --> 00:07:07,010 great language to be able to accurately find the right sentence fixed amount of time. 96 00:07:07,250 --> 00:07:12,920 That's the language that will determine true, false or not given worthy in line with the established 97 00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:14,720 notions they were in line. 98 00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:17,660 We're not in line or that information is missing. 99 00:07:18,260 --> 00:07:25,910 So I'm trying to really teach you how to do a yes, though not giving question how to make it easy. 100 00:07:28,320 --> 00:07:34,440 Now we're going to go ahead and work on scanning for the keywords in the passage, meaning we're going 101 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:37,470 to try to find the matching sentences. 102 00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:44,640 If you're scanning and answering, then you will go ahead and open your book, set a six minute timer, 103 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:48,990 and then scan, answer, scan for the next question and answer. 104 00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:55,200 We're working on the skill of scanning, so we're going to work on scanning for the matching sentences 105 00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:56,730 and then answering them. 106 00:07:57,090 --> 00:08:03,750 You can do it both ways on the exam, so go ahead and get your clock ready for 3 minutes because we're 107 00:08:03,750 --> 00:08:05,910 going to scan for the matching sentences. 108 00:08:08,490 --> 00:08:09,810 In terms of scanning. 109 00:08:09,810 --> 00:08:14,820 If you want more information on scanning and how to scan, you can review this information that you 110 00:08:14,820 --> 00:08:15,660 see here. 111 00:08:15,690 --> 00:08:17,430 Look at it very closely. 112 00:08:17,850 --> 00:08:19,350 Scanning is so important. 113 00:08:19,350 --> 00:08:20,560 It's a skill. 114 00:08:20,580 --> 00:08:23,940 The more you practice the skill, the better you're going to get. 115 00:08:26,230 --> 00:08:33,880 So here we have our passage, we have our questions where we have identified the key words in each question. 116 00:08:34,030 --> 00:08:40,660 Now we're going to go ahead and set a timer for 3 minutes, scan through the passage and see if we can 117 00:08:40,660 --> 00:08:45,940 find these matching sentences for 37, 38, 39 and 40. 118 00:08:45,970 --> 00:08:51,040 So stop the lecture, set your timer for 3 minutes. 119 00:08:51,070 --> 00:08:54,160 Go through your book and find the matching sentences. 120 00:08:58,960 --> 00:08:59,440 All right. 121 00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:01,750 So did you find the matching sentences? 122 00:09:02,050 --> 00:09:04,990 Number 37 is found right here. 123 00:09:04,990 --> 00:09:13,780 In fact, number 37 is an example of them taking information from two sentences to create one sentence. 124 00:09:14,140 --> 00:09:21,130 So Santa Cruz comes from this first sentence here and then friends and strangers and laughing comes 125 00:09:21,130 --> 00:09:22,330 from this sentence here. 126 00:09:24,070 --> 00:09:30,340 38 is another example of taking information from two sentences to create one question. 127 00:09:30,850 --> 00:09:34,150 San Diego high status individuals comes from here. 128 00:09:34,690 --> 00:09:39,640 And then also down here, we're looking at we're looking at the predictions. 129 00:09:39,640 --> 00:09:45,610 So when it talks about the the results or the analysis revealed that. 130 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:46,090 Right. 131 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:50,290 We're looking for the predictions and we see high status individuals down here. 132 00:09:50,620 --> 00:09:54,310 So that is where number 38 comes from. 133 00:09:54,310 --> 00:09:56,200 It comes from those two sentences. 134 00:09:56,890 --> 00:09:58,480 39 is over here. 135 00:09:58,930 --> 00:10:02,680 Employees base their profiles. 136 00:10:03,130 --> 00:10:04,660 That comes from right here. 137 00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:09,280 And then in terms of timing, we see that language here. 138 00:10:09,280 --> 00:10:11,560 So number 39 again comes from. 139 00:10:12,500 --> 00:10:14,990 This first sentence and this sentence here. 140 00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:19,160 And then number 40, it comes from this last paragraph here. 141 00:10:31,890 --> 00:10:32,220 Okay. 142 00:10:32,220 --> 00:10:33,840 So let's go ahead and move forward. 143 00:10:34,170 --> 00:10:37,230 Now we're going to go ahead and answer the questions. 144 00:10:37,230 --> 00:10:39,780 So you're going to set your timer for 3 minutes. 145 00:10:40,050 --> 00:10:43,650 We've already found the matching sentences for the questions. 146 00:10:43,830 --> 00:10:48,060 So now it's a matter of your determining true, false or not given. 147 00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:55,650 And remember, you're going to look at the matching sentence, use that twist language and see if that 148 00:10:55,650 --> 00:10:59,310 language is confirmed, contradicted or missing. 149 00:11:01,910 --> 00:11:03,500 So here's the passage. 150 00:11:03,830 --> 00:11:06,920 So can you find these answers in 3 minutes? 151 00:11:07,340 --> 00:11:10,250 You don't have 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes. 152 00:11:10,550 --> 00:11:14,390 You have to be able to finish these passages in under 20 minutes. 153 00:11:14,810 --> 00:11:22,010 And the timing system that I'm using will allow for you to finish these passages in less than 20 minutes. 154 00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:28,790 So can you find the answers in under 3 minutes? 155 00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:30,770 Go ahead and stop the lecture. 156 00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:35,000 Set your clock for 3 minutes and try to find all the answer choices. 157 00:11:43,820 --> 00:11:45,800 So did you choose the correct answers? 158 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:47,180 Let's find out, everybody. 159 00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:51,370 For number 37. 160 00:11:51,370 --> 00:11:53,410 You should have chosen, not given. 161 00:11:54,660 --> 00:11:55,830 For number 38? 162 00:11:55,830 --> 00:11:56,700 Yes. 163 00:11:57,120 --> 00:11:58,770 For 39 no. 164 00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:00,600 And for 40 no. 165 00:12:01,560 --> 00:12:04,050 For 37 in terms of being not given. 166 00:12:04,290 --> 00:12:09,840 When we look at this sentence here in terms of the participants were asked whether they thought people 167 00:12:09,840 --> 00:12:15,090 were laughing, whether the people laughing were friends or strangers. 168 00:12:15,450 --> 00:12:22,560 We have no idea if they were more accurate at identifying laughs of friends or strangers. 169 00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:23,880 We have no idea. 170 00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:25,110 It doesn't tell us. 171 00:12:25,650 --> 00:12:32,010 It doesn't tell us which one they were more accurate at identifying or less accurate is missing. 172 00:12:32,010 --> 00:12:33,930 The information is missing everybody. 173 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:35,460 So it's not given. 174 00:12:35,460 --> 00:12:36,870 It's not contradicted. 175 00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:44,430 If this were contradicted, it would say they were less accurate or equal to that would be more of a 176 00:12:44,430 --> 00:12:45,300 contradiction. 177 00:12:45,300 --> 00:12:46,950 But this information is missing. 178 00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:50,710 Number 38 is confirmed. 179 00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:51,370 True. 180 00:12:51,700 --> 00:12:59,350 It says analysis revealed that as expected, high status individuals produced more dominant labs. 181 00:12:59,770 --> 00:13:07,210 So the researchers in the San Diego study were correct in their predictions because it says as expected, 182 00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:10,240 as expected regarding their behavior. 183 00:13:11,170 --> 00:13:13,900 With dominant layoffs as expected. 184 00:13:14,140 --> 00:13:15,820 So the answer is yes. 185 00:13:16,510 --> 00:13:20,200 For number 39 in terms of the Australian study. 186 00:13:20,740 --> 00:13:28,330 This one is really interesting because in this first sentence up here of this paragraph we see Australian 187 00:13:28,330 --> 00:13:29,710 National University. 188 00:13:30,190 --> 00:13:36,040 Then in this sentence we see employees based employees based on provider profiles. 189 00:13:36,460 --> 00:13:39,280 And then down here we see the language related to timing. 190 00:13:40,900 --> 00:13:45,450 So here we have a situation where they use three sentences. 191 00:13:45,460 --> 00:13:49,870 They pulled information from three different sentences to create question number 39. 192 00:13:50,140 --> 00:13:53,800 And they did it this way because we're in the last reading passage number three. 193 00:13:53,950 --> 00:13:56,410 They wouldn't do this in reading passages, number one. 194 00:13:58,270 --> 00:14:04,300 But in terms of the answer is very clearly no because it says fixed amount of time and here it says 195 00:14:04,300 --> 00:14:06,250 they allowed to quit whenever they want. 196 00:14:06,730 --> 00:14:08,260 So that's the contradiction. 197 00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:13,040 And then for number 40, again, this one is no. 198 00:14:13,310 --> 00:14:18,170 There were there were their conclusions in line with the established notions. 199 00:14:18,560 --> 00:14:21,560 Established notions is the same as saying traditional view. 200 00:14:22,690 --> 00:14:27,690 And the traditional view says that, you know, you should avoid humor. 201 00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:29,110 It's a distraction. 202 00:14:29,890 --> 00:14:30,190 Great. 203 00:14:30,190 --> 00:14:31,270 Avoid humor. 204 00:14:31,990 --> 00:14:39,970 And then, you know, we're saying and waiting they suggest that humor is enjoyable, meaning it should 205 00:14:39,970 --> 00:14:43,060 be accepted, enjoyable and energizing. 206 00:14:43,060 --> 00:14:45,700 So it was useful not to be avoided. 207 00:14:46,210 --> 00:14:52,960 So really, their conclusions are a contradiction, a contradiction of the traditional view. 208 00:14:56,330 --> 00:14:56,810 All right. 209 00:14:56,810 --> 00:15:03,050 So if you want to read a little bit more about my explanations for each question, you can go ahead 210 00:15:03,050 --> 00:15:05,150 and stop the lecture and read it right here. 211 00:15:05,690 --> 00:15:08,000 I hope this was really helpful for you. 212 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:12,710 I'm so happy that you're taking this course and you're learning and you're getting better and getting 213 00:15:12,710 --> 00:15:15,140 ready to score great on the exam. 214 00:15:15,470 --> 00:15:21,020 If you have have you have any questions about what was said, let me know. 215 00:15:21,140 --> 00:15:27,680 You can use the Q&A feature to ask that question, but really my explanations are pretty clear in terms 216 00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:30,020 of explaining the answer choices. 217 00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:31,430 Take care. 218 00:15:31,460 --> 00:15:33,560 Have a great day and I'll talk to you soon.