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So now you've learned about how to really manage yourself in regards to fluency, coherence and also

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your lexical ability.

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Now, in this lecture, we're going to hit on the finer points of grammar, accuracy and range.

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Grammar is a really, really important concept when it comes when it comes to doing very well on the

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speaking section of the course, you want to truly master your foundational grammar because it's very

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impressive to an examiner when you're able to speak with mistake free sentences.

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Let me say this about grammar.

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When you actually get into the exam, when you actually are starting your real exam with the examiners,

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don't worry about your grammar at that point.

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At that point, whatever grammar you know, you know, because very often what happens is students get

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very self-conscious of their grammar during the exam and they end up hurting their score in regards

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to pronunciation, fluency, coherence, and also their lexical ability.

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So now let's move forward and I'll explain the banned descriptor for grammar.

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And I hope at the end of this lecture you'll have a really good idea of what you need to do to score

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well.

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Right.

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So grab a range we're dealing with.

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Really?

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Probably the best way I can explain this is.

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Really when you look at the difference between a basic level English student and an advanced level English

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student, a basic level English student uses a lot of simple sentences, and sometimes they can use

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a compound sentence correctly.

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An advanced level student is able to really do the four main sentence types very, very well, meaning

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the simple, the compound, the complex and the compound complex sentences.

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They also can use words like you use combinations like not only, but also both.

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And they can speak in the conditionals.

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They can use the relative clauses very well.

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So when you talk about bands eight and nine, in terms of grammar, we really are talking about the

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range.

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Being able to use them flexibly.

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Also, what's really, really impressive to graders is when you're able to speak in mistake free sentences.

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If you're making grammar errors in every single sentence, you're going to have a hard time getting

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a really great score.

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Also one thing that's really helpful is to be strong in your foundation.

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Your foundational level skills, write your foundational grammar.

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When the examiner hears is mistakes in basic level grammar.

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It doesn't bode well for getting a really high score on the rubric in terms of grammar.

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So here are some ways to improve your grammatical range, right?

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Like I said earlier, master, those four sentence types.

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Master the proper verb tense.

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A lot of the questions are going to be in the past tense.

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Sometimes it's in the present and future also.

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But use the verb tense.

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That's proper for the question.

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OC also, if you really want to score well so that you can do the perfect tenses.

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Also maybe be able to change how you start a sentence.

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Sometimes you might start a sentence with the prepositional phrase.

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Sometimes you might start with a jarring.

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Also show the ability to shift your parts of speech, change the part of speech.

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These are all different ways that you can improve your grammatical range.

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Now, there's one thing to understand theoretically what I'm talking about, and you're actually being

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able to do it under time pressure.

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That's why really practice practicing under pressure.

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Simulating the real exam is so, so important.

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Now.

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Graders.

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Like I said, they love mistake free sentences, love it, love it, love it.

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Also, in terms of this, number two.

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One thing that I want to tell you guys to really work on is your parallelism and your parallelism deals

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with you being able to give a list most of the time giving a list of items.

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I have so many mistakes and parallelism.

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Right and passive structures and relative pronouns.

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Just be mindful OC always practice like it's the real exam.

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Always use correct grammar.

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Sometimes I'll hear students say, Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, I know I messed up on my grammar, but

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I'm just practicing.

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Well, the way you practice is the way you're going to perform on the exam.

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Right.

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Are you using basic or advanced structures?

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I talked about this already.

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At the top, you see some of the higher level structures.

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At the bottom, you have the lower level structures, the simple sentences, just using the simple path

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and the simple present.

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Also heavy, heavy b verb use.

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If all of your sentences are using is our was or has half having be being am.

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If you're using a lot of B verbs, it makes you sound like you are a lower level speaker.

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What does it mean to be mistake free?

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Right.

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Mistake free does not mean perfect.

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It just means that sometimes you have some isolated mistakes here or there.

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But you frequently provide sentences that are mistake free.

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Frequently doing that.

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OC When you talk about mistake free at a lower level is where you also are revealing a lot of just systematic,

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foundational errors.

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Like in every single sentence, there's a subject verb agreement, mistake or every single sentence.

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There are mistakes in terms of word choice, a word form.

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On here.

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You can see on here the four sentence types.

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And what I tried to do here, what I tried to do here was just use the same sentence topic over and

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over again so you can see the difference.

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Simple sentence Hard work is necessary for success.

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Compound sentence.

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Hard work is important and it has advantages for all who partake.

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Complex sentence.

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Hard work is important because it enables anyone to surpass their goals.

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Compound complex sentence.

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Hard work is important and it's and is and it is beneficial for everyone because it enables them to

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surpass their goals.

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OC.

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If you have mastery over these four types, you're in really good shape.

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Okay.

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So how do we expand our grammar range?

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Look here.

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Do you live in a big city or a small town?

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Band five.

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I am making my home in a big city.

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MAN seven.

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I'm making my home in Casablanca, a sprawling city located in the center of Morocco.

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Band nine.

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For two years and counting, I've been making my home in Casablanca, a sprawling metropolis located

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in the center of Morocco.

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And I plan to remain settled and settled in this city for the foreseeable future.

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Do you see the difference?

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Right here when we're talking about expanding your grammatical range and changing the parts of speech.

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Right.

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So look at this question here.

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Why do some people leave their job?

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Employees can choose a different line of work for various reasons.

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If a worker's salary fluctuates slightly from month to month, the wage earner might seek employment

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elsewhere.

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This slight fluctuation in salary can make a big difference if a staff member has a household to manage.

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When we talk about changing parts of speech, we're talking about going from fluctuate slightly to slight

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fluctuation.

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That's impressive.

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Being able to do that within the context of the exam, showing how you can shift parts of speech.

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That's what we're talking about there.

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Relative pronouns, relative pronouns really help you to put sentences together to combine information.

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Right.

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So I see a lot of students just speaking in these short little simple sentences.

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When you do that, you're not helping yourself.

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Right.

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People want to know, how can I move up the band?

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That's what you're always trying to do.

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You're always trying to move up the rubric.

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So on the left there you can read about.

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These are just some definitions of what a relative pronoun is.

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So what are the benefits of not changing jobs?

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Band five six workers like security.

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Workers like relationships.

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These things make them feel they have a better chance not getting fired.

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So they do not change jobs.

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Now, are all those instances grammatically correct?

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Yes, they are.

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Are they bad?

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5 to 6 sentences?

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Yes, they are.

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Because you're just not able to put information together to combine details together.

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That's a higher skill level.

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So look here.

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Employees who desire security and long term relationships, have a lower risk of termination and therefore

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maintain their current employment.

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Much, much better.

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Much higher level work.

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Parallelism.

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There's the definition of parallelism.

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Parallelism on the left.

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All right.

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Here are some student responses using parallelism so you can understand what I'm talking about.

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How can an employee be successful at work?

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Incorrect.

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Successful people tend to plan their day working long hours and they never give up.

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This is wrong because we have three different types of grammar structure.

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We have the infinitive, a gerund and a full clause that is not proper parallelism.

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That's why you're not able to move above a band.

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Seven.

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Correct.

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Successful people tend to plan their day, work long hours, and never give up.

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That is proper parallelism.

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Prepositional phrases.

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Right.

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Starting with prepositional phrases.

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Here we go.

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Since the beginning of the 2000, cell phone technology has advanced by leaps and bounds.

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After the next decade will be far.

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We'll be far too late to initiate any change in our current direction towards extinction.

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With regards to the idea that the planet will heal itself.

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That may be true, but it can also entail our costs.

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But it also can entail our no longer existing as a part of that healing process.

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Here are all of your verb tenses here.

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And I put it in a really simple form, right?

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Just so you can really understand.

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12.

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Right.

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There's 12 verb tenses.

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So that you can use those perfect tenses.

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Thank you very much for listening to this video.

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And now we're going to move into moving to the last part of these banned descriptive videos and talk

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about pronunciation.