1 00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:00,860 Okay. 2 00:00:00,870 --> 00:00:07,650 At this point, I hope you're feeling much, much better about how to really score well on the aisle. 3 00:00:07,650 --> 00:00:14,940 Speaking tests in regards to the band descriptors, you've really learned the finer points of fluency 4 00:00:14,940 --> 00:00:20,040 and coherence, lexical ability and grammar, range and accuracy. 5 00:00:20,220 --> 00:00:26,820 So now we're going to get into the final the final section on the rubric, which deals with the area 6 00:00:26,820 --> 00:00:28,290 of pronunciation. 7 00:00:28,860 --> 00:00:36,360 Now, pronunciation is really, really a high level skill in terms of teaching it. 8 00:00:36,510 --> 00:00:44,190 So we're not going to really get so much into teaching you pronunciation, but more of just really explaining 9 00:00:44,190 --> 00:00:50,940 to you the finer points of the rubric so that you understand what you need to do well, what you need 10 00:00:50,940 --> 00:00:55,310 to do well to to achieve a great score in regards to pronunciation. 11 00:00:55,320 --> 00:01:04,710 So I hope by the end of this lecture you'll have a greater grasp on what it means to have great pronunciation 12 00:01:04,710 --> 00:01:06,600 on the aisle speaking tests. 13 00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:07,920 So let's get started. 14 00:01:11,420 --> 00:01:16,670 These are the band descriptions, the band descriptors in terms of pronunciation. 15 00:01:17,180 --> 00:01:20,270 And what I want you to do here is kind of read through them. 16 00:01:20,360 --> 00:01:23,750 Notice some of the small differences with pronunciation. 17 00:01:23,810 --> 00:01:27,400 And if you have any questions about, well, what does this mean? 18 00:01:27,410 --> 00:01:29,750 What's really the difference between the band? 19 00:01:29,780 --> 00:01:32,270 You see, Band seven is skipped here. 20 00:01:32,660 --> 00:01:39,950 That's because for Bands seven, it says has all the aspects of Band six has some of the aspects of 21 00:01:39,950 --> 00:01:40,530 Band Aid. 22 00:01:40,550 --> 00:01:42,710 That's why Band seven is skipped. 23 00:01:44,460 --> 00:01:44,850 Right. 24 00:01:44,850 --> 00:01:50,610 So when we talk about pronunciation, how much effort is there needed to understand your speech? 25 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:58,080 If you're easily understood and your accent rarely interferes with clarity, your pronunciation is at 26 00:01:58,080 --> 00:01:59,010 a high level. 27 00:01:59,490 --> 00:02:04,890 If you have a lot of mispronunciations and a lot of strokes, most reduce. 28 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:07,800 That's if you have a lot of muddled speech. 29 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:09,390 That was just an example of muddled speech. 30 00:02:09,390 --> 00:02:11,910 Everybody muddled speech. 31 00:02:11,910 --> 00:02:17,460 If somebody doesn't understand you because your speech is muddled, right, that hurts your pronunciation. 32 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:22,110 Now what to work on for proper pronunciation? 33 00:02:22,110 --> 00:02:26,160 Number one, work on your clarity of speech. 34 00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:27,960 Don't worry about accent. 35 00:02:28,170 --> 00:02:29,520 Be clear. 36 00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:32,310 Have very clear speech. 37 00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:36,900 Next, learn how to work on words, stress and sentence stress. 38 00:02:36,990 --> 00:02:42,090 If you've heard me say sentences so far, you've heard me use word stress. 39 00:02:42,210 --> 00:02:44,340 You've heard me use sentence stress. 40 00:02:44,700 --> 00:02:46,680 Also intonation. 41 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:51,060 Speaking English is very musical in nature. 42 00:02:51,060 --> 00:02:55,560 What I mean by that is there are natural rises and falls throughout the sentence. 43 00:02:55,560 --> 00:02:56,970 It's not flat. 44 00:03:00,450 --> 00:03:06,030 Chongqing native speakers really chunk their words later on. 45 00:03:06,030 --> 00:03:09,540 I want to talk about that a little bit later so you can kind of get the idea. 46 00:03:09,990 --> 00:03:16,260 But Chongqing really shows, hey, you have native speaker quality. 47 00:03:16,980 --> 00:03:22,320 A lot of times when I hear students that that aren't able to chunk that's the reason why you're not 48 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:24,180 getting above a seven. 49 00:03:24,870 --> 00:03:27,330 That's the reason why that's why you're stuck. 50 00:03:28,320 --> 00:03:32,970 Because when you're not able to chunk, that means you're just saying each word individually. 51 00:03:33,240 --> 00:03:35,790 And that's not how native speakers speak. 52 00:03:36,850 --> 00:03:41,710 You definitely have to work on your individual and week sounds and also your rhythm. 53 00:03:44,150 --> 00:03:46,230 How to improve your pronunciation. 54 00:03:46,250 --> 00:03:49,070 Well, number one, move your mouth. 55 00:03:50,270 --> 00:03:54,200 You cannot speak English very well with a closed mouth. 56 00:03:55,660 --> 00:04:01,590 Also work on your specific practice if you know you have sounds. 57 00:04:01,900 --> 00:04:03,340 Work on that. 58 00:04:03,460 --> 00:04:06,640 If you know you have V and W sounds. 59 00:04:06,640 --> 00:04:07,960 Work on that. 60 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:10,800 You've heard me talk about this earlier. 61 00:04:11,100 --> 00:04:15,870 Model native speakers listen and repeat. 62 00:04:16,650 --> 00:04:17,700 Copy. 63 00:04:17,820 --> 00:04:19,350 Copy the speed. 64 00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:20,210 Right. 65 00:04:20,250 --> 00:04:22,080 Copy the emotion in the words. 66 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:23,730 Copy the intonation. 67 00:04:24,690 --> 00:04:28,080 Also use contractions. 68 00:04:29,130 --> 00:04:34,350 When you look at a lot of the examples that I'm going to give you when we get into part number one and 69 00:04:34,350 --> 00:04:36,690 part number two and so forth and so on. 70 00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:39,180 What I'm giving the examples. 71 00:04:39,180 --> 00:04:42,090 You're going to see me really using contractions. 72 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:46,750 Now. 73 00:04:47,020 --> 00:04:53,770 I'm not I'm not about to teach you intonation, but I am going to talk about just some general rules 74 00:04:53,770 --> 00:04:55,390 when it comes to intonation. 75 00:04:55,570 --> 00:04:59,050 When you're giving a statement, it has a falling intonation. 76 00:04:59,350 --> 00:05:04,060 When you're giving a list, it's rising, rising, rising, falling. 77 00:05:04,630 --> 00:05:09,160 When you're using your W words, it's a falling. 78 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:14,770 You know, your what, where, when falling, intonation, yes or no questions. 79 00:05:14,770 --> 00:05:16,180 Rising intonation. 80 00:05:17,030 --> 00:05:18,800 And that's at the bottom. 81 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:26,240 You see the name that that person really gives some really great videos on intonation and pronunciation. 82 00:05:28,270 --> 00:05:28,540 Right. 83 00:05:28,540 --> 00:05:30,880 Here are some examples of poor intonation. 84 00:05:32,270 --> 00:05:36,410 For example, this is a statement is quite a small village. 85 00:05:36,680 --> 00:05:40,190 Now, you heard me say it correctly with the intonation falling at the end. 86 00:05:40,340 --> 00:05:41,510 Incorrect. 87 00:05:42,350 --> 00:05:44,030 It's quite a small village. 88 00:05:45,420 --> 00:05:51,090 Right that rising intonation makes it sound like a question or you don't know what you're talking about. 89 00:05:52,450 --> 00:05:52,760 Right. 90 00:05:52,780 --> 00:05:53,980 All kinds of jobs. 91 00:05:54,010 --> 00:05:55,030 That's correct. 92 00:05:55,710 --> 00:06:02,850 But here are some of the most common ones are accounting, banking, teaching, I.T.. 93 00:06:03,270 --> 00:06:07,860 Again, wrong intonation makes it sound like a question instead of a statement. 94 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:17,070 This is some information you can review here about intonation in terms of falling and rising intonation. 95 00:06:20,330 --> 00:06:24,770 Words stress sentence stress were stress is syllable. 96 00:06:24,770 --> 00:06:31,190 Stress is the beat on one or more syllables within a word itself. 97 00:06:31,490 --> 00:06:35,630 Sentence stress is the beat of certain words within a sentence. 98 00:06:36,980 --> 00:06:42,170 There are some great videos on on YouTube about sentence stress that you can watch and kind of learn 99 00:06:42,170 --> 00:06:49,940 about that right sentence stress is so important because that's what really gives your speech rhythm. 100 00:06:50,150 --> 00:06:55,250 When a greater is talking about your speech has rhythm or your speech doesn't have rhythm, they're 101 00:06:55,250 --> 00:06:57,710 talking about proper sentence stress. 102 00:07:00,520 --> 00:07:03,640 Now which wars do we stress? 103 00:07:04,150 --> 00:07:06,670 You stress content words. 104 00:07:06,880 --> 00:07:09,940 You do not stress function words. 105 00:07:11,290 --> 00:07:18,400 Here you can see a list of content words and you can see a list of function words. 106 00:07:23,580 --> 00:07:24,160 Right. 107 00:07:24,310 --> 00:07:28,870 Here are some examples of content and function words in contexts. 108 00:07:29,900 --> 00:07:30,470 OC. 109 00:07:35,500 --> 00:07:36,130 Will you. 110 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:37,960 Will you sell my car? 111 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:39,730 Because I've gone to Ghana. 112 00:07:41,220 --> 00:07:46,020 I'm going to tell you about an advert I saw last week. 113 00:07:47,790 --> 00:07:50,010 A mother played with her kid. 114 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:55,900 He's interested in taking an economics class. 115 00:07:57,000 --> 00:07:59,670 She wanted to play better. 116 00:08:02,750 --> 00:08:05,420 Also sentence stress changes the meaning. 117 00:08:07,570 --> 00:08:08,290 Right. 118 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:11,410 The woman speaks a little Japanese. 119 00:08:12,590 --> 00:08:15,170 The woman speaks a little Japanese. 120 00:08:16,420 --> 00:08:19,090 The woman speaks a little Japanese. 121 00:08:20,280 --> 00:08:20,940 Right. 122 00:08:20,970 --> 00:08:25,800 Stressing different words in that one sentence completely changes the meaning. 123 00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:30,790 Here is word stress. 124 00:08:31,150 --> 00:08:33,750 We're talking about photograph. 125 00:08:34,400 --> 00:08:35,620 Photographer. 126 00:08:36,100 --> 00:08:37,430 Photographic. 127 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:38,840 Right. 128 00:08:39,620 --> 00:08:42,320 Changing the word stress properly. 129 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:45,820 You can read through this chart for a little bit. 130 00:08:45,910 --> 00:08:48,070 For more information on word stress. 131 00:08:49,180 --> 00:08:54,420 So now let's talk a little bit about what it means to do chunking, right? 132 00:08:54,460 --> 00:08:57,700 Chunking means dividing speech into groups of words. 133 00:08:57,850 --> 00:09:03,370 When we talk without chunking, it could be really, really hard for people to understand you. 134 00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:05,890 So let's look at an example. 135 00:09:06,690 --> 00:09:09,750 Right below are two answers to the question. 136 00:09:09,900 --> 00:09:15,060 In your country, what kind of possessions do you think give status to people? 137 00:09:15,990 --> 00:09:17,430 Here's answer one. 138 00:09:17,730 --> 00:09:26,190 Now I'm going to it's difficult for me because I just naturally chunk, but I'm going to try to kind 139 00:09:26,190 --> 00:09:31,590 of read this without any chunking so that you can get the idea of what we're talking about. 140 00:09:35,970 --> 00:09:38,220 The first thing that comes to mind is the car. 141 00:09:38,220 --> 00:09:43,560 And this is because in my country, a lot of people like to have luxury cars such as BMW and Audi vehicles 142 00:09:43,560 --> 00:09:44,470 to show their status. 143 00:09:44,490 --> 00:09:48,840 In other words, the more expensive the car, the higher the place in society. 144 00:09:50,110 --> 00:09:57,880 That's like just that's what that's what it sounds like when a non-native speaker is speaking. 145 00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:01,810 Sometimes it's without any chunking at all. 146 00:10:02,350 --> 00:10:07,120 Now, this is more of what it sounds like when you're when you're when you're chunking. 147 00:10:07,390 --> 00:10:09,040 You're saying these groups of words. 148 00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:10,480 And then there's a pause. 149 00:10:11,630 --> 00:10:12,050 Right. 150 00:10:12,050 --> 00:10:13,730 And there is another pause. 151 00:10:14,210 --> 00:10:17,420 And that's why I've told you you heard me say this earlier. 152 00:10:17,780 --> 00:10:21,910 You have to be able to speak with pronunciation. 153 00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:24,920 I mean, speak with pronunciation, speak with punctuation. 154 00:10:25,250 --> 00:10:27,020 So here's the second part. 155 00:10:30,910 --> 00:10:33,160 The first thing that comes to mind is the car. 156 00:10:33,340 --> 00:10:41,290 And this is because in my country, a lot of people like to have luxury cars such as BMW and Audi vehicles 157 00:10:41,290 --> 00:10:42,640 to show their status. 158 00:10:42,670 --> 00:10:48,430 In other words, the more expensive the car, the higher they, the higher their place in society. 159 00:10:49,300 --> 00:10:50,680 Did you hear the difference? 160 00:10:51,420 --> 00:10:54,990 That's the difference in terms of chunking and not chunking. 161 00:10:56,430 --> 00:10:58,020 Let's look at another example. 162 00:10:59,310 --> 00:11:03,540 What does climate have to do with building homes again? 163 00:11:03,570 --> 00:11:04,110 Give me a moment. 164 00:11:04,110 --> 00:11:04,620 A moment. 165 00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:05,790 I'm going to take a breath. 166 00:11:06,210 --> 00:11:11,070 And because I have to kind of I have to read I have to say this without any chunking. 167 00:11:11,070 --> 00:11:12,810 And that's that's not natural. 168 00:11:18,040 --> 00:11:21,790 In my opinion, climate has a lot to do with the way we construct and design our residents. 169 00:11:21,790 --> 00:11:26,980 For example, in tropical countries, the houses are usually built to keep the sun out, while in places 170 00:11:26,980 --> 00:11:32,050 where it snows a lot, you find houses with steep roofs so that the snow can't so that snow can't settle 171 00:11:32,050 --> 00:11:33,490 there and damage the roof. 172 00:11:34,780 --> 00:11:35,410 Right. 173 00:11:35,560 --> 00:11:36,760 That's just reading. 174 00:11:36,760 --> 00:11:38,710 That's just going directly through. 175 00:11:39,010 --> 00:11:40,480 No chunking at all. 176 00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:42,890 Here it is with something. 177 00:11:46,210 --> 00:11:51,340 In my opinion, climate has a lot to do with the way we construct and design our residents. 178 00:11:51,340 --> 00:11:58,450 For example, in tropical and tropical countries, the house are usually built to keep the sun out while 179 00:11:58,450 --> 00:12:04,360 in places where it snows a lot, you find houses with steep roofs so that the snow can't settle there 180 00:12:04,360 --> 00:12:05,530 and damage the roof. 181 00:12:06,770 --> 00:12:08,510 That's what chunking is. 182 00:12:08,810 --> 00:12:10,940 That's what native speakers do. 183 00:12:11,270 --> 00:12:15,620 If you're able to chunk properly, that's how you really increase your score. 184 00:12:17,480 --> 00:12:21,050 Here's one more example of chunking versus non chunking. 185 00:12:22,270 --> 00:12:22,410 Right. 186 00:12:22,500 --> 00:12:25,380 I'm just going to read the the Chongqing one OC. 187 00:12:28,290 --> 00:12:33,660 Does it really matter whether people speak with an accent as long as they can be easily understood? 188 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:41,640 Many people now believe that in an increasingly globalized world, we should accept variations in pronunciation. 189 00:12:41,640 --> 00:12:43,500 That is accent. 190 00:12:44,070 --> 00:12:49,170 However, there's no point in speaking with an accent if people can't understand you. 191 00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:50,040 Is there? 192 00:12:53,780 --> 00:12:54,110 Right. 193 00:12:54,110 --> 00:12:58,190 So how can you improve your chunking look for a listing? 194 00:12:58,190 --> 00:13:01,880 You know, look look for listening texts that actually include the audio script. 195 00:13:02,210 --> 00:13:07,160 And as you listen, kind of locate and mark the pauses in the audio script. 196 00:13:07,460 --> 00:13:09,590 I think that's some of the best advice. 197 00:13:09,860 --> 00:13:11,630 Listen to books on tape. 198 00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:12,540 Right. 199 00:13:12,590 --> 00:13:15,740 Those are some things you can do to really help improve your chunking. 200 00:13:17,110 --> 00:13:19,150 Thank you very, very much. 201 00:13:19,390 --> 00:13:26,890 Have a fantastic day and I look forward to your joining me as we now are going to enter into speaking 202 00:13:26,890 --> 00:13:28,030 part number one. 203 00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:29,050 Thanks a lot. 204 00:13:29,080 --> 00:13:30,160 Talk to you soon.